kvm虚拟化学习笔记(七)之kvm虚拟机克隆

kvm虚拟机的克隆分为两种情况，本文也就通过以下两种情况进行克隆，克隆虚拟机为OEL5.8X64。

(1) KVM主机本机虚拟机直接克隆。

(2) 通过复制配置文件与磁盘文件的虚拟机复制克隆(适用于异机的静态迁移)。

1. 本机虚拟机直接克隆

(1) 查看虚拟机配置文件

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest01.xml

view sourceprint?

01.

&

lt

;!--

02.

WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE

03.

OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:

04.

virsh edit oeltest01

05.

or other application using the libvirt API.

06.

--&

gt

;

07.

&

lt

;domain

type

='kvm'&

gt

;

08.

&

lt

;name&

gt

;oeltest01&

lt

;/name&

gt

;

09.

&

lt

;uuid&

gt

;8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923269d&

lt

;/uuid&

gt

;

10.

&

lt

;memory unit='KiB'&

gt

;524288&

lt

;/memory&

gt

;

11.

&

lt

;currentMemory unit='KiB'&

gt

;524288&

lt

;/currentMemory&

gt

;

12.

&

lt

;vcpu placement='static'&

gt

;1&

lt

;/vcpu&

gt

;

13.

&

lt

;os&

gt

;

14.

&

lt

;

type

arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'&

gt

;hvm&

lt

;/

type

&

gt

;

15.

&

lt

;boot dev='hd'/&

gt

;

16.

&

lt

;/os&

gt

;

17.

&

lt

;features&

gt

;

18.

&

lt

;acpi/&

gt

;

19.

&

lt

;apic/&

gt

;

20.

&

lt

;pae/&

gt

;

21.

&

lt

;/features&

gt

;

22.

&

lt

;clock offset='utc'/&

gt

;

23.

&

lt

;on_poweroff&

gt

;destroy&

lt

;/on_poweroff&

gt

;

24.

&

lt

;on_reboot&

gt

;restart&

lt

;/on_reboot&

gt

;

25.

&

lt

;on_crash&

gt

;restart&

lt

;/on_crash&

gt

;

26.

&

lt

;devices&

gt

;

27.

&

lt

;emulator&

gt

;/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm&

lt

;/emulator&

gt

;

28.

&

lt

;disk

type

='

file

' device='disk'&

gt

;

29.

&

lt

;driver name='qemu'

type

='raw' cache='none'/&

gt

;

30.

&

lt

;

source

file

='/data/test01.img'/&

gt

;

31.

&

lt

;target dev='hda' bus='ide'/&

gt

;

32.

&

lt

;address

type

='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/&

gt

;

33.

&

lt

;/disk&

gt

;

34.

&

lt

;disk

type

='block' device='cdrom'&

gt

;

35.

&

lt

;driver name='qemu'

type

='raw'/&

gt

;

36.

&

lt

;target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/&

gt

;

37.

&

lt

;

readonly

/&

gt

;

38.

&

lt

;address

type

='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/&

gt

;

39.

&

lt

;/disk&

gt

;

40.

&

lt

;controller

type

='usb' index='0'&

gt

;

41.

&

lt

;address

type

='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01'

function

='0x2'/&

gt

;

42.

&

lt

;/controller&

gt

;

43.

&

lt

;controller

type

='ide' index='0'&

gt

;

44.

&

lt

;address

type

='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01'

function

='0x1'/&

gt

;

45.

&

lt

;/controller&

gt

;

46.

&

lt

;interface

type

='bridge'&

gt

;

47.

&

lt

;mac address='52:54:00:82:39:01'/&

gt

;

48.

&

lt

;

source

bridge='br0'/&

gt

;

49.

&

lt

;model

type

='virtio'/&

gt

;

50.

&

lt

;address

type

='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03'

function

='0x0'/&

gt

;

51.

&

lt

;/interface&

gt

;

52.

&

lt

;serial

type

='pty'&

gt

;

53.

&

lt

;target port='0'/&

gt

;

54.

&

lt

;/serial&

gt

;

55.

&

lt

;console

type

='pty'&

gt

;

56.

&

lt

;target

type

='serial' port='0'/&

gt

;

57.

&

lt

;/console&

gt

;

58.

&

lt

;input

type

='tablet' bus='usb'/&

gt

;

59.

&

lt

;input

type

='mouse' bus='ps2'/&

gt

;

60.

&

lt

;graphics

type

='vnc' port='5910' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'&

gt

;

61.

&

lt

;listen

type

='address' address='0.0.0.0'/&

gt

;

62.

&

lt

;/graphics&

gt

;

63.

&

lt

;video&

gt

;

64.

&

lt

;model

type

='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/&

gt

;

65.

&

lt

;address

type

='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02'

function

='0x0'/&

gt

;

66.

&

lt

;/video&

gt

;

67.

&

lt

;memballoon model='virtio'&

gt

;

68.

&

lt

;address

type

='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04'

function

='0x0'/&

gt

;

69.

&

lt

;/memballoon&

gt

;

70.

&

lt

;/devices&

gt

;

71.

&

lt

;/domain&

gt

;

虚拟机磁盘文件: /data/test01.img

虚拟机名称：oeltest01




(2) 开始克隆

# virt-clone -o oeltest01 -n oeltest02 -f /data/test02.img

说明：以oeltest01做为源，克隆oeltest01虚拟机，并创建名称为oeltest02虚拟机，使用磁盘文件/data/test02.img




(3) 启动虚拟机并配置主机名，IP地址等




[root@node1 data]# virsh console oeltest02

kvm控制台配置请见kvm虚拟化学习笔记(六)之kvm虚拟机控制台登录配置。

view sourceprint?

01.

连接到域 oeltest02

02.

Escape character is ^]

03.

Found volume group

"vg"

using metadata

type

lvm2

04.

2 logical volume(s)

in

volume group

"vg"

now active

05.

Welcome to Oracle Linux Oracle Linux Server release 5.8

06.

Press 'I' to enter interactive startup.

07.

Starting udev: [OK]

08.

Loading default keymap (us): [OK]

09.

Setting

hostname

test01:[OK]

10.

Setting up Logical Volume Management: 2 logical volume(s)

in

volume group

"vg"

now active

11.

[OK]

12.

Checking filesystems

13.

Checking all

file

systems.

14.

[/sbin/

fsck

.ext3 (1) -- /]

fsck

.ext3 -a /dev/vg/root

15.

/dev/vg/root: clean, 135384/1540096 files, 851398/1540096 blocks

16.

[/sbin/

fsck

.ext3 (1) -- /boot]

fsck

.ext3 -a /dev/hda1

17.

/boot: clean, 39/26104 files, 26897/104388 blocks

18.

[OK]

19.

Remounting root filesystem

in

read

-write mode:[OK]

20.

Mounting

local

filesystems:[OK]

21.

Enabling

local

filesystem quotas:[OK]

22.

Enabling /etc/fstab swaps:[OK]

23.

INIT: Entering runlevel: 5

24.

Entering non-interactive startup

25.

Applying Intel CPU microcode update: [OK]

26.

Starting background readahead: [OK]

27.

Checking

for

hardware changes [OK]

28.

[OK] iSCSI daemon: [OK]

29.

[OK]

30.

Bringing up loopback interface:[OK]

31.

Bringing up interface eth0:

32.

Determining IP information

for

eth0...

done

.

33.

[OK]

34.

Starting auditd: [OK]

35.

Starting system logger: [OK]

36.

Starting kernel logger: [OK]

37.

Starting irqbalance: [OK]

38.

iscsid (pid1555) is running...

39.

Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found

40.

[OK]

41.

Starting portmap: [OK]

42.

Starting NFS statd: [OK]

43.

Starting RPC idmapd: [OK]

44.

Starting system message bus: [OK]

45.

Starting o2cb:[OK]

46.

[OK] Bluetooth services:[OK]

47.

Mounting other filesystems:[OK]

48.

Starting PC/SC smart card daemon (pcscd): [OK]

49.

Starting acpi daemon: [OK]

50.

Starting HAL daemon: [OK]

51.

Starting hidd: [OK]

52.

Starting monitoring

for

VG vg: 2 logical volume(s)

in

volume group

"vg"

monitored

53.

[OK]

54.

Starting autofs:Loading autofs4: [OK]

55.

Starting automount: [OK]

56.

[OK]

57.

Starting hpiod: [OK]

58.

Starting hpssd: [OK]

59.

Starting sshd: [OK]

60.

Starting cups: [OK]

61.

Starting xinetd: [OK]

62.

Starting console mouse services: [OK]

63.

Starting crond: [OK]

64.

Starting xfs: [OK]

65.

Starting anacron: [OK]

66.

[OK] atd: [OK]

67.

Starting background readahead: [OK]

68.

Starting yum-updatesd: [OK]

69.

Starting Avahi daemon... [OK]

70.

Starting smartd: hdc: drive_cmd: status=0x41 { DriveReady Error }

71.

hdc: drive_cmd: error=0x04 { AbortedCommand }

72.

ide: failed opcode was: 0xec

73.

[OK]

74.

Oracle Linux Server release 5.8

75.

Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64

76.

test01 login: mtrr:

type

mismatch

for

f0000000,100000 old: uncachable new: write-combining

77.

mtrr:

type

mismatch

for

f0000000,400000 old: uncachable new: write-combining

78.

Oracle Linux Server release 5.8

79.

Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64

80.

test01 login:

81.

Oracle Linux Server release 5.8

82.

Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64

83.

test01 login: root

84.

Password:

85.

Last login: Sat Sep7 05:21:11 on ttyS0

86.

[root@test01 ~]

#

87.

[root@test01 ~]

#

88.

[root@test01 ~]

#

(4) 修改主机名，IP地址等

# vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 test02 localhost.localdomain localhost

::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=test02

GATEWAY=192.168.233.2

修改IP地址

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0

# Virtio Network Device

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

ONBOOT=yes

HWADDR=52:54:00:56:bd:2b

IPADDR=192.168.233.142

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

[root@test01 ~]# service network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

[root@test01 ~]#

2. 复制配置文件与磁盘文件克隆

(1) 导入kvm虚拟机配置文件

这里采用oeltest01做为模板，进行克隆。

# virsh shutdown oeltest01




# virsh dumpxml oeltest01 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml




(2) 复制kvm虚拟机磁盘文件

本系列文章都是采用虚拟磁盘文件进行测试，没有使用lvm卷。

通过查看配置文件：虚拟磁盘位置<source file='/data/test01.img'/>




(3) 直接编辑修改配置文件

修改name,uuid,disk位置,vnc端口

此时还是将该配置文件注册进来，无法通过virsh edit进行编辑。

[root@node1 data]# vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml

view sourceprint?

01.

<domain type=

'kvm'>

02.

<name>oeltest03</name>

03.

<uuid>8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923260d</uuid>

04.

<memory unit=

'KiB'>524288</memory>

05.

<currentMemory unit=

'KiB'>524288</currentMemory>

06.

<vcpu placement=

'static'>1</vcpu>

07.

<os>

08.

<type arch=

'x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type>

09.

<boot dev=

'hd'/>

10.

</os>

11.

<features>

12.

<acpi/>

13.

<apic/>

14.

<pae/>

15.

</features>

16.

<clock offset=

'utc'/>

17.

<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

18.

<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

19.

<on_crash>restart</on_crash>

20.

<devices>

21.

<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>

22.

<disk type=

'file' device='disk'>

23.

<driver name=

'qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>

24.

<source file=

'/data/test03.img'/>

25.

<target dev=

'hda' bus='ide'/>

26.

<address type=

'drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0'
unit='0'/> 

27.

</disk>

28.

<disk type=

'block' device='cdrom'>

29.

<driver name=

'qemu' type='raw'/>

30.

<target dev=

'hdc' bus='ide'/>

31.

<readonly/>

32.

<address type=

'drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0'
unit='0'/> 

33.

</disk>

34.

<controller type=

'usb' index='0'>

35.

<address type=

'pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01'
function='0x2'/> 

36.

</controller>

37.

<controller type=

'ide' index='0'>

38.

<address type=

'pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01'
function='0x1'/> 

39.

</controller>

40.

<interface type=

'bridge'>

41.

<mac address=

'52:54:00:82:39:01'/>

42.

<source bridge=

'br0'/>

43.

<model type=

'virtio'/>

44.

<address type=

'pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03'
function='0x0'/> 

45.

</interface>

46.

<serial type=

'pty'>

47.

<target port=

'0'/>

48.

</serial>

49.

<console type=

'pty'>

50.

<target type=

'serial' port='0'/>

51.

</console>

52.

<input type=

'tablet' bus='usb'/>

53.

<input type=

'mouse' bus='ps2'/>

54.

<graphics type=

'vnc' port='5911' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>

55.

<listen type=

'address' address='0.0.0.0'/>

56.

</graphics>

57.

<video>

58.

<model type=

'cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>

59.

<address type=

'pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02'
function='0x0'/> 

60.

</video>

61.

<memballoon model=

'virtio'>

62.

<address type=

'pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04'
function='0x0'/> 

63.

</memballoon>

64.

</devices>

65.

</domain>

(4) 定义新虚拟机配置文件

[root@node1 data]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml




启动虚拟机

[root@node1 data]# virsh start oeltest03

域 oeltest03 已开始

(5) 登录虚拟机进行主机名，IP等修改

[root@node1 data]# virsh console oeltest03

连接到域 oeltest03

Escape character is ^]
Oracle
Linux Server release 5.8

Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64test01 login: mtrr: type mismatchfor f0000000,100000 old: uncachable new: write-combining

mtrr: type mismatchfor f0000000,400000 old: uncachable new: write-combining

Oracle
Linux Server release 5.8

Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64test01 login: root
Password:

Last login: Sat Sep 7 05:21:11 on ttyS0

[root@test01 ~]#[root@test01 ~]#修改主机名

# vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 test03 localhost.localdomain localhost

::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=test03

GATEWAY=192.168.233.2

修改IP地址

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0

# Virtio Network Device

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

ONBOOT=yes

HWADDR=52:54:00:56:bd:3b

IPADDR=192.168.233.143

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

service network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

本文到此通过两种方式进行kvm虚拟机克隆，其实各有用处。

再次说明：本文克隆的虚拟机是oel5.8,如果克隆的虚拟机是RHEL/CentOS/OEL6.x操作系统，还需要修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件。