Android 通过WebService调用天气预报接口
2014-08-03 09:55
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转帖请注明本文出自xiaanming的博客(http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/17483273),请尊重他人的辛勤劳动成果,谢谢!
相信大家在平常的开发中,对网络的操作用到HTTP协议比较多,通过我们使用Get或者Post的方法调用一个数据接口,然后服务器给我们返回JSON格式的数据,我们解析JSON数据然后展现给用户,相信很多人很喜欢服务器给我们返回JSON数据格式,因为他解析方便,也有一些JSON的解析库,例如Google提供的GSON,阿里巴巴的FastJson,不过还是推荐大家使用FastJson来解析,我自己开发中也是用FastJson来解析,FastJson的介绍http://code.alibabatech.com/wiki/display/FastJSON/Home,不过有时候我们用到WebService接口来获取数据,
WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库,因此,需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富,例如Axis2,CXF等,但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大,也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此,这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些,比较常用的有Ksoap2,可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/wiki/HowToUse?tm=2进行下载,将jar包加入到libs目录下就行了,接下来带大家来调用WebService接口
首先我们新建一个工程,取名WebServiceDemo,我们从http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/web_services.aspx来获取WebService接口,这里面有一些免费的WebService接口,我们就用里面的天气接口吧http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx
我们新建一个WebService的工具类,用于对WebService接口的调用,以后遇到调用WebService直接拷贝来用就行了
[java]
view plaincopy
package
com.example.webservicedemo;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Iterator;
import
java.util.Map;
import
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import
java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import
org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
import
org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import
org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
import
org.ksoap2.transport.HttpResponseException;
import
org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;
import
org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import
android.os.Handler;
import
android.os.Message;
/**
*
访问WebService的工具类,
*
*
@see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming
*
*
@author xiaanming
*
*/
public
class
WebServiceUtils {
public
static
final
String WEB_SERVER_URL = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx";
//
含有3个线程的线程池
private
static
final
ExecutorService executorService = Executors
.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//
命名空间
private
static
final
String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";
/**
*
*
@param url
*
WebService服务器地址
*
@param methodName
*
WebService的调用方法名
*
@param properties
*
WebService的参数
*
@param webServiceCallBack
*
回调接口
*/
public
static
void
callWebService(String url, final
String methodName,
HashMap<String, String> properties,
final
WebServiceCallBack webServiceCallBack) {
//
创建HttpTransportSE对象,传递WebService服务器地址
final
HttpTransportSE httpTransportSE = new
HttpTransportSE(url);
//
创建SoapObject对象
SoapObject soapObject =
new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
//
SoapObject添加参数
if
(properties != null)
{
for
(Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = properties.entrySet()
.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
soapObject.addProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
//
实例化SoapSerializationEnvelope,传入WebService的SOAP协议的版本号
final
SoapSerializationEnvelope soapEnvelope = new
SoapSerializationEnvelope(
SoapEnvelope.VER11);
//
设置是否调用的是.Net开发的WebService
soapEnvelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);
soapEnvelope.dotNet =
true;
httpTransportSE.debug =
true;
//
用于子线程与主线程通信的Handler
final
Handler mHandler = new
Handler() {
@Override
public
void
handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
//
将返回值回调到callBack的参数中
webServiceCallBack.callBack((SoapObject) msg.obj);
}
};
//
开启线程去访问WebService
executorService.submit(new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
SoapObject resultSoapObject =
null;
try
{
httpTransportSE.call(NAMESPACE + methodName, soapEnvelope);
if
(soapEnvelope.getResponse() != null)
{
//
获取服务器响应返回的SoapObject
resultSoapObject = (SoapObject) soapEnvelope.bodyIn;
}
}
catch (HttpResponseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
//
将获取的消息利用Handler发送到主线程
mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(0,
resultSoapObject));
}
}
});
}
/**
*
*
*
@author xiaanming
*
*/
public
interface
WebServiceCallBack {
public
void
callBack(SoapObject result);
}
}
我们通过调用里面的callWebService(String url, final String methodName,HashMap<String, String> properties,final WebServiceCallBack webServiceCallBack)就可以来获取我们想要的数据,现在讲解下里面的实现思路
创建HttpTransportsSE对象。通过HttpTransportsSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL
创建SoapObject对象,里面的参数分别是WebService的命名空间和调用方法名
设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,就不设置,有参数的话调用SoapObject对象的addProperty(String name, Object value)方法将参数加入到SoapObject对象中
实例化SoapSerializationEnvelope,传入WebService的SOAP协议的版本号,将上面的SoapObject对象通过setOutputSoapObject(Object soapObject)设置到里面,并设置是否调用的是.Net开发的WebService和是否debug等信息
因为涉及到网络操作,所以我们使用了线程池来异步操作调用WebService接口,我们在线程中调用HttpTransportsSE对象的call(String soapAction,
SoapEnvelope envelope)方法就能实现对WebService的调用,并且通过soapEnvelope.bodyIn获取WebService返回的信息,但是返回的信息是在子线程中,我们需要利用Handler来实现子线程与主线程进行转换,然后在Handler的handleMessage(Message msg)中将结果回调到callBack的参数中,总体思路就是这个样子,接下来我们来使用这个工具类吧
我们先用一个ListView来显示所有的省份,然后点击每个省进去到市。市也用一个ListView来显示,最后点击市用TextView来显示获取的WebService天气情况,思路很简单
用来显示省份的布局,里面只有一个ListView
[html]
view plaincopy
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/province_list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:cacheColorHint="@android:color/transparent"
android:fadingEdge="none"
>
</ListView>
</RelativeLayout>
接下来就是Activity的代码,先用工具类调用WebService方法,然后在回调方法callBack(SoapObject result)中解析数据到一个List<String>中,在设置ListView的适配器
[java]
view plaincopy
package
com.example.webservicedemo;
import
java.util.ArrayList;
import
java.util.List;
import
org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.AdapterView;
import
android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import
android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import
android.widget.ListView;
import
android.widget.Toast;
import
com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;
/**
*
显示天气省份的Activity
*
*
@see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming
*
*
@author xiaanming
*
*/
public
class
MainActivity extends
Activity {
private
List<String> provinceList = new
ArrayList<String>();
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
init();
}
private
void
init() {
final
ListView mProvinceList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.province_list);
//显示进度条
ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this,
"数据加载中...");
//通过工具类调用WebService接口
WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL,
"getSupportProvince",
null,
new
WebServiceCallBack() {
//WebService接口返回的数据回调到这个方法中
@Override
public
void
callBack(SoapObject result) {
//关闭进度条
ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();
if(result
!= null){
provinceList = parseSoapObject(result);
mProvinceList.setAdapter(new
ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, provinceList));
}else{
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"获取WebService数据错误",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
mProvinceList.setOnItemClickListener(new
OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int
position, long
id) {
Intent intent =
new Intent(MainActivity.this,
CityActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("province",
provinceList.get(position));
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
/**
*
解析SoapObject对象
*
@param result
*
@return
*/
private
List<String> parseSoapObject(SoapObject result){
List<String> list =
new ArrayList<String>();
SoapObject provinceSoapObject = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getSupportProvinceResult");
if(provinceSoapObject
== null)
{
return
null;
}
for(int
i=0;
i<provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++){
list.add(provinceSoapObject.getProperty(i).toString());
}
return
list;
}
}
点击省份进入该省份下面的市。也用一个ListView来显示市的数据,布局跟上面一样,Activity里面的代码也差不多相似,我就不过多说明了,直接看代码
[java]
view plaincopy
package
com.example.webservicedemo;
import
java.util.ArrayList;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.List;
import
org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.AdapterView;
import
android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import
android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import
android.widget.ListView;
import
android.widget.Toast;
import
com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;
/**
*
显示城市的Activity
*
*
@see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming
*
*
@author xiaanming
*
*/
public
class
CityActivity extends
Activity {
private
List<String> cityStringList;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
init();
}
private
void
init() {
final
ListView mCityList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.province_list);
//显示进度条
ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this,
"数据加载中...");
//添加参数
HashMap<String, String> properties =
new HashMap<String, String>();
properties.put("byProvinceName",
getIntent().getStringExtra("province"));
WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL,
"getSupportCity", properties,
new
WebServiceCallBack() {
@Override
public
void
callBack(SoapObject result) {
ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();
if(result
!= null){
cityStringList = parseSoapObject(result);
mCityList.setAdapter(new
ArrayAdapter<String>(CityActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, cityStringList));
}else{
Toast.makeText(CityActivity.this,
"获取WebService数据错误",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
mCityList.setOnItemClickListener(new
OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int
position, long
id) {
Intent intent =
new Intent(CityActivity.this,
WeatherActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("city",
cityStringList.get(position));
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
/**
*
解析SoapObject对象
*
@param result
*
@return
*/
private
List<String> parseSoapObject(SoapObject result){
List<String> list =
new ArrayList<String>();
SoapObject provinceSoapObject = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getSupportCityResult");
for(int
i=0;
i<provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++){
String cityString = provinceSoapObject.getProperty(i).toString();
list.add(cityString.substring(0,
cityString.indexOf("(")).trim());
}
return
list;
}
}
接下来就是点击相对应的城市调用WebService接口来获取该城市下面的天气详情啦,为了简单起见,我用一个TextView来显示天气信息,因为天气信息很多,一个屏幕显示不完,所以我们考虑在外面加一个ScrollView来进行滚动
[html]
view plaincopy
<?xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/weather"
android:textColor="#336598"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
</RelativeLayout>
Activity的代码就不做过多说明,跟上面的大同小异
[java]
view plaincopy
package
com.example.webservicedemo;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.widget.TextView;
import
android.widget.Toast;
import
com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;
/**
*
显示天气的Activity
*
*
@see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming
*
*
@author xiaanming
*
*/
public
class
WeatherActivity extends
Activity{
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.weather_layout);
init();
}
private
void
init() {
final
TextView mTextWeather = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weather);
ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this,
"数据加载中...");
HashMap<String, String> properties =
new HashMap<String, String>();
properties.put("theCityName",
getIntent().getStringExtra("city"));
WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL,
"getWeatherbyCityName", properties,
new
WebServiceCallBack() {
@Override
public
void
callBack(SoapObject result) {
ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();
if(result
!= null){
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getWeatherbyCityNameResult");
StringBuilder sb =
new StringBuilder();
for(int
i=0;
i<detail.getPropertyCount(); i++){
sb.append(detail.getProperty(i)).append("\r\n");
}
mTextWeather.setText(sb.toString());
}else{
Toast.makeText(WeatherActivity.this,
"获取WebService数据错误",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
}
到这里我们就完成了编码工作,在运行程序之前我们需要在AndroidManifest.xml注册Activity,以及添加访问网络的权限
[html]
view plaincopy
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
>
<activity
android:name="com.example.webservicedemo.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/title_activity_main"
>
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"
/>
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".CityActivity"/>
<activity
android:name=".WeatherActivity"></activity>
</application>
<uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
运行结果:
省份,城市列表可以加上A-Z的排序功能,可以参考下Android实现ListView的A-Z字母排序和过滤搜索功能,实现汉字转成拼音,我这里就不添加了,需要添加的朋友自行实现,好了,今天的讲解到此结束,有疑问的朋友请在下面留言。
项目源码,点击下载
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