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ubuntu下postfix邮件服务器安装

2014-08-02 20:04 344 查看
一,安装Postfix和相关软件包

1.安装Postfix
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1. apt-get install postfix

在安装的过程中,会提示输入选择类型和域名。分别填写"only localhost"和"localhost"

2.安装mailx软件包
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1. apt-get install mailutils

mailx软件包是一个命令行的邮件属性程序,mail命令包含在mailx软件包里面

二,测试你的默认设置

1.添加测试用户(以fmaster为例)
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1. useradd -m -s /bin/bash fmaster
2. passwd fmaster

这里密码设置为test1234。在后述的测试中会用到。

2.用下面的命令测试,其实就是测试25端口是否打开
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1. telnet localhost 25

3.Postfix将在终端中显示如下提示,这样你就可以用来键入SMTP命令.
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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

4.编写邮件并发送
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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo localhost //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10. 250-VRFY
11. 250-ETRN
12. 250-STARTTLS
13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14. 250-8BITMIME
15. 250 DSN
16. mail from: root@localhost //
17. 250 2.1.0 Ok
18. rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
19. 250 2.1.5 Ok
20. data //
21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22. Subject: My first mail on Postfix //
23. this ia the first postfix mail . //
24. . //
25. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 661C75F796
26. quit //
27. 221 2.0.0 Bye
28. Connection closed by foreign host.

5.切换到fmaster用户,查看邮件
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1. root@ubuntu:~# su - fmaster
2. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ mail
3. "/var/mail/fmaster": 1 message 1 new
4. >N 1 root@localhost 火 1月 29 12: 12/435 My first mail on Postfix

此时的邮件存放在/var/mail/fmaster文件中。

当这个邮件被打开之后,Postfix就会以mbox的风格处理邮件,

将邮件都保存到/home/fmaster/mbox这一个文件中。

6.设置Postfix以支持Maildir风格的邮箱(在修改配置之前备份配置文件)
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1. cp -pf /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf_bak
2. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

在文件中末尾处,添加如下配置:
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1. home_mailbox=Maildir/

7.重启postfix,以使配置生效
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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart

8.测试
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo localhost //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10. 250-VRFY
11. 250-ETRN
12. 250-STARTTLS
13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14. 250-8BITMIME
15. 250 DSN
16. mail from: root@localhost //
17. 250 2.1.0 Ok
18. rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
19. 250 2.1.5 Ok
20. data //
21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22. Subject: maildir test //
23. this is a maildir style mail test . //
24. . //
25. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 249315F80D
26. quit //
27. 221 2.0.0 Bye
28. Connection closed by foreign host.

9.查收邮件这个时候Postfix会在/home/fmaster目录下面生成一个名为Maildir的文件夹,所有的邮件都保存在/home/fmaster/Maildir这个文件夹内。
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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ ll /home/fmaster/Maildir
2. 合計 20
3. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./
4. drwxr-xr-x 3 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
5. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 cur/
6. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 new/
7. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 tmp/
8.
9. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir$ cd new
10.
11. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
12. 合計 12
13. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./
14. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
15. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
16.
17. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
18. Return-Path: <root@localhost>
19. X-Original-To: fmaster@localhost
20. Delivered-To: fmaster@localhost
21. Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])
22. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 249315F80D
23. for <fmaster@localhost>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
24. Subject: maildir test
25. Message-Id: <20130129033517.249315F80D@ubuntu>
26. Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
27. From: root@localhost
28.
29. this is a maildir style mail test .
30. 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu (END)

到此为止发送邮件的服务器就搭建成功了,接下来配置收信服务器。

在配置收信服务器中,需要使用到域名,如果没有域名可以修改hosts文件来进行测试。

下面配置中用到的域名: dotuian.com

邮件服务器的IP地址 : 192.168.0.114 (ubutun)

测试客户端 : 192.168.0.80 (windows 7)

三,配置收信服务器

1.修改邮件服务器的hosts文件
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1. vim /etc/hosts

在文件中添加
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1. 127.0.0.1 dotuian.com

2.修改测试客户端的hosts文件

以管理员权限运行一个文本编辑器,打开"C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts",在里面添加
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1. 192.168.0.114 dotuian.com

如果已经存在域名了,就不要上述的修改hosts文件的两步了。

3.安装收信服务器
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1. apt-get install courier-pop
2. apt-get install courier-imap

4.修改配置文件
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1. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

(a)将域名增加到"mydestination"。配置如下
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1. mydestination = localhost, ubuntu, localhost.localdomain, localhost, dotuian.com

(b)将本地网络增加到"mynetworks"。因为服务器IP地址为192.168.0.114,所以配置如下
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1. mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

(c)为了能够通过网络接受邮件,修改"inet_interfaces"为"all"
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1. #inet_interfaces = loopback-only
2. inet_interfaces = all

5.重启postfix服务器
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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart

6.测试域名配置是否成功(a)通过域名dotuian.com发送邮件
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo dotuian.com //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10. 250-VRFY
11. 250-ETRN
12. 250-STARTTLS
13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14. 250-8BITMIME
15. 250 DSN
16. mail from: shou@dotuian.com //
17. 250 2.1.0 Ok
18. rcpt to: fmaster@dotuian.com //
19. 250 2.1.5 Ok
20. data //
21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22. Subject: mail test with domain //
23. this is a test mail . //
24. dotuian.com //
25. .
26. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9E95D5F809
27. quit //
28. 221 2.0.0 Bye
29. Connection closed by foreign host.

(b)查收邮件检查/home/fmaster/Maildir/new,可以看到新建了一个独立的文件
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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
2. 合計 16
3. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 14:10 ./
4. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
5. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
6. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 446 1月 29 14:10 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu
7.
8. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu</span>
9.
10. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Return-Path: <shou@dotuian.com></span>
11. X-Original-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
12. Delivered-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
13. Received: from dotuian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
14. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E95D5F809
15. for <fmaster@dotuian.com>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
16. Subject: mail test with domain
17. Message-Id: <20130129050947.9E95D5F809@ubuntu>
18. Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
19. From: shou@dotuian.com
20.
21. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">this is a test mail .</span>
22. dotuian.com
23. 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu (END)

7.测试Courier POP3
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 110
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. +OK Hello there.
6. user fmaster //
7. +OK Password required.
8. pass test1234 //
9. +OK logged in.
10. quit //
11. +OK Bye-bye.
12. Connection closed by foreign host.

8.测试 Courier IMAP
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 143
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2011 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.
6. a login fmaster test1234 //
7. a OK LOGIN Ok.
8. a logout //
9. * BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
10. a OK LOGOUT completed
11. Connection closed by foreign host.

9.通过Microsoft Outlook收发邮件是的配置
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