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spring技术内幕17-Spring HTTP调用器实现远程调用

2014-07-30 08:18 597 查看
1、Spring中,HTTPInvoker(HTTP调用器)是通过基于HTTP协议的分布式远程调用解决方案,和java RMI一样,HTTP调用器也需要使用java的对象序列化机制完成客户端和服务器端的通信。HTTP调用器的远程调用工作原理如下:

(1)客户端:

a、向服务器发送远程调用请求:

远程调用信息——>封装为远程调用对象——>序列化写入到远程调用HTTP请求中——>向服务器端发送。

b、接收服务器端返回的远程调用结果:

服务器端返回的远程调用结果HTTP响应——>反序列化为远程调用结果对象。

(2)服务器端:

a、接收客户端发送的远程调用请求:

客户端发送的远程调用HTTP请求——>反序列化为远程调用对象——>调用服务器端目标对象的目标方法处理。

b、向客户端返回远程调用结果:

服务器端目标对象方法的处理结果——>序列化写入远程调用结果HTTP响应中——>返回给客户端。

接下来我们将从客户端和服务器端分别分析HTTP调用器远程调用的具体实现。

2、HTTP调用器客户端配置:

使用HTTP调用器之前,首先需要对客户端进行如下配置:

<!-- 客户端HTTP调用器代理 -->

<bean id="proxy" class="org.springframework.remoting.httpinvoker.HttpInvokerProxyFactoryBean">

<property name="serviceUrl">

<value>http://yourhost:8080/远程调用URL</value>

</property>

<property name="serviceInterface">

<value>远程调用服务接口路径</value>

</property>

</bean>

<bean id="客户端bean” class="客户端bean全路径">

<property name="remoteService">

<ref bean="proxy"/>

</property>

</bean>

在HTTP调用器客户端代理HttpInvokeProxyFactoryBean中封装远程调用服务URL和服务接口,客户端程序通过HTTP调用代理可以调用实现了指定接口的目标服务端对象。

3、HttpInvokeProxyFactoryBean创建远程调用代理对象:

HTTP调用器客户端代理HttpInvokeProxyFactoryBean是一个实现了Spring FactoryBean接口的IoC容器,其作用是对远程服务客户端封装,源码如下:

public class HttpInvokerProxyFactoryBean extends HttpInvokerClientInterceptor implements FactoryBean<Object>{

//远程对象的代理

private Object serviceProxy;

//在IoC容器注入完成之后调用

public void afterPropertesSet(){

//调用父类容器的回调方法

super.afterPropertiesSet();

//getServiceInterface()方法用于获取配置的远程调用接口

if(getServiceInterface() == null){

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'serviceInterface' is required");

}

//使用ProxyFactory代理工厂生成远程代理对象,注意第二个参数this,因为HttpInvokerProxyFactoryBean继承了HttpInvokerClientInterceptor,

//所以代理对象的拦截器设置为HttpInvokerClientInterceptor

this.serviceProxy = new ProxyFactory(getServiceInterface(),this).getProxy(getBeanClassLoader());

}

//向IoC容器索取被管理对象的方法,获取产生的远程调用代理对象

public Object getObject(){

return this.serviceProxy;

}

//获取对象类型,返回配置的远程调用接口

public Class<?> getObjectType(){

return getServiceInterface();

}

//是否是单态类型,默认Spring IoC容器产生的都是单态类型

public boolean isSingleton(){

return true;

}

}

通过上面对HttpInvokerProxyFactoryBean源码的分析我们看到,当通过getObject方法向Spring IoC容器索取远程调用对象是,触发afterPropertiesSet回调方法,创建远程调用的代理对象,最后将该远程调用对象返回。在创建远程调用代理对象时,使用其父类HttpInvokerClientInterceptor作为远程调用代理对象的拦截器,该拦截器将拦截对代理对象的方法调用。下面我们分析HttpInvokerClientInterceptor代理拦截器对代理对象的方法拦截处理。

4、HttpInvokerClientInterceptor拦截对远程调用代理的方法调用:

当客户端通过HTTP请求调用远程调用代理的方法时,将会触发HttpInvokerClientInterceptor拦截器的invoke方法对当前的请求进行封装处理,将客户端的java对象序列化传输到服务器端,在远程服务器端执行完请求之后,又将处理结果java对象序列化返回给客户端。其源码如下:

public class HttpInvokerClientInterceptor extends RemoteInvocationBasedAccessor implements MethodInterceptor,HttpInvokerClientConfiguration {

private String codebaseUrl;

//HTTP调用请求执行器

private HttpInvokerRequestExecutor httpInvokerRequestExecutor;

public void setCodebaseUrl(String codebaseUrl) {

this.codebaseUrl = codebaseUrl;

}

public String getCodebaseUrl(){

return this.codebaseUrl;

}

public void setHttpInvokerRequestExecutor(HttpInvokerRequestExecutor httpInokerRequestExecutor){

this.httpInvokerRequestExecutor = httpInvokerRequestExecutor;

}

//获取HTTP定义请求执行器,如果HTTP定义请求执行器没有设置,则使用SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor作为HTTP调用请求执行器

public HttpInvokerRequestExecutor getHttpInvokerRequestExecutor(){

if(this.httpInvokerRequestExecutor == null){

SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor executor = new SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor();

executor.setBeanClassLoader(getBeanClassLoader());

this.httpInvokerRequestExecutor = executor;

}

return this.httpInvokerRequestExecutor;

}

//IoC容器初始化完成回调方法

public void afterPropertiesSet(){

//调用父类的初始化回调方法

super.afterPropertiesSet();

//获取HTTP调用请求执行器

getHttpInvokerRequestExecutor();

}

//拦截器代理对象方法调用入口,拦截器将客户端对远程调用代理的调用封装为MethodInvocation对象

public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {

if(AopUtis.isToStringMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod())){

return "HTTP invoker proxy for service URL [" + getServiceUrl() + "]";

}

//创建远程调用对象,封装了远程调用

RemoteInvocation invocation = createRemoteInvocation(methodInvocation);

//远程调用结果

RemoteInvocationResult result = null;

try{

//远程调用入口

result = executeRequest(invocation,methodInvocation);

}

catch(Throwable ex){

throw converHttpInvokerAccessException(ex);

}

try{

//返回远程调用结果

return recreateRemoteInvocationResult(result);

}

catch(Throwable ex){

if(result.hasInvocationTargetException()){

throw ex;

}

else{

throw new RemoteInvocationFailureException("Invocation of method [" + methodInvocation.getMethod() +

"] failed in HTTP invoker remote service at [ " + getServiceUrl() + "] ", ex);

}

}

}

//执行远程调用入口

protected RemoteInvocationResult executeRequest(RemoteInvocation invocation,MethodInvocation originalInvocation) throws Exception {

return executeRequest(invocation);

}

//通过HTTP调用请求执行器执行远程调用

protected RemoteInvocationResult executeRequest(RemoteInvocation invocation) throws Exception {

return getHttpInvokerRequestExecutor().executeRequest(this,invocation);

}

//将远程调用异常转换成Spring异常

protected RemoteAccessException convertHttpInvokerAccessException(Throwable ex){

if(ex instanceof ConnectException){

throw new RemoteConnectFailureException("Could not connect to HTTP invoker remote service at [" + getServiceUrl() + "]",ex);

}

else if(ex instanceof ClassNotFoundException || ex instanceof NoClassDefFoundError || ex instanceof InvalidClassException){

throw new RemoteAccessException("Could not deserialize result from HTTP invoker remote service [" + getServiceUrl() + "]" ,ex);

}

else{

throw new RemoteAccessException("Could not access HTTP invoker remote service at [" + getServiceUrl() + "]",ex);

}

}

}

通过上面对HttpInvokerClientInterceptor拦截器的源码分析,我们可以看出,拦截器将客户端对远程调用的HTTP请求封装成了MethodInvocation对象,拦截器在调用远程调用的代理对象时,又将方法调用封装成了RemoteInvocation远程调用,RemoteInvocation数据对象中封装了调用的具体信息,如方法名、方法参数以及参数类型等。

真正执行远程调用的是HTTP调用请求执行器SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor,下面我们继续分析SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor远程调用的具体过程。

5、SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor远程调用:

SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor封装了基于HTTP协议的远程调用过程,具体源码如下:

public class SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor extends AbstractHttpInvokerRequestExecutor{

//HTTP调用请求执行器真正进行远程调用的方法,该方法有由其父类AbstractHttpInvokerRequestExecutor的executeRequest方法调用

protected RemoteInvocationResult doExecuteRequest(HttpInvokerClientConfiguration config,ByteArrayOutputStream baos) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{

//打开一个标准的J2SE HttpURLConnection

HttpURLConnection con = openConnection(config);

//准备连接

prepareConnection(con,baos.size());

//远程调用被封装成了RemoteInvocation对象,它通过序列化被写到对应的HttpURLConnection中

writeRequestBody(config,con,baos);

//获取远程调用的结果,校验返回的结果

validateResponse(config,con);

InputStream responseBody = readResponseBody(config,con);

//将远程调用结果转换成RemoteInvocationResult返回

return readRemoteInocationResult(responseBody,config.getCodebaseUrl());

}

//打开一个HttpURLConnection

protoected HttpURLConnection openConnection(HttpInvokerClientConfiguration config) throws IOException {

//getServiceUrl()方法获取配置的远程调用URL,打开一个URL连接

URLConnection con = new URL(config.getServiceUrl()).openConnection();

if(!(con instanceof HttpURLConnection)){

throw new IOException("Service URL [" + config.getServiceUrl() + "] is not an HTTP URL");

}

return (HttpURLConnection) con;

}

//准备HTTP请求连接

protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection con,int contentLength) throws IOException {

con.setDoOutput(true);

//HTTP调用器只支持POST请求方法

con.setRequestMethod(HTTP_METHOD_POST);

//设置HTTP请求头内容类型,设置为:application/x -java-serialized-object

con.setRequestProperty(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE,getContentType());

//设置HTTP请求头内容长度

con.setRequestProperty(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH,Integer.toString(contentLength));

LocalContext local = LocalContextHolder.getLocalContext();

//设置HTTP请求的Local

if(local != null){

con.setRequestProperty(HTTP_HEADER_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE,StringUtils.toLanguageTag(local.getLocal()));

}

//设置HTTP请求压缩方式

if(isAcceptGzipEncoding()){

con.setRequestProperty(HTTP_HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING,ENCODING_GZIP);

}

}

//把序列化对象输出到HTTP请求体中

protected void writeRequestBody(HttpInvokerClientConfiguration config,HttpURLConnection con,ByteArrayOutputStream baos) throws IOException {

baos.writeTo(con.getOutputStream());

}

//校验远程调用的HTTP响应

protected void validateResponse(HttpInvokerClientConfiguration config,HttpURLConnection con) throws IOException {

//如果HTTP响应状态码大于等于300,则证明调用发生错误

if(con.getResponseCode() >= 300){

throw new IOException("Did not receive successful HTTP response: status code = " + con.getResponseCode() +

", status message = [" + con.getResponseMessage() + "]");

}

}

//提取远程调用结果的HTTP响应信息

protected InputStream readResponseBody(HttpInvokerClientConfiguration config,HttpURLConnection con) throws IOException {

//如果响应信息是GZIP压缩的,则需要先解压

if(isGzipResponse(con)){

return new GZIPInputStream(con.getInputStream());

}

//正常的HTTP响应

else{

return con.getInputStream();

}

}

//是否是Gzip格式压缩

protected boolean isGzipResponse(HttpURLConnection con) {

//获取HTTP响应头信息中的压缩方式

String encodingHeader = con.getHeaderField(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING);

return (encodingHeader != null && encodingHeader.toLowerCase().indexOf(ENCODING_GZIP) != -1);

}

}

通过对SimpleHttpInvokerRequestExecutor的分析,我们看到,HTTP调用请求执行器的处理逻辑是:首先,打开指定的URL的HTTP连接,设置连接属性。其次,将封装请求的RemoteInvocation对象序列化到请求体中,HTTP请求发送到服务器端。最后,从服务器端的HTTP响应中读取输入流,并将响应结果转换成RemoteInvocationResult。

将远程调用的HTTP响应转换为RemoteInvocationResult是由AbstractHttpInvokerRequestExecutor的readRemoteInvocationResult方法实现,下面我们将分析其将HTTP响应结果转换成RemoteInvocationResult的实现。

6、AbstractHttpInvokerRequestExecutor将HTTP响应结果转换成RemoteInvocationResult:

AbstractHttpInvokerRequestExecutor中处理远程调用结果,并将HTTP响应转换成RemoteInvocationResult的主要方法如下:

//从HTTP响应中读取远程调用结果入口方法

protected RemoteInvocationResult readRemoteInvocationResult(InputStream is,String codebaseUrl) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException {

//根据给定的输入流和类创建对象输入流

ObjectInputStream ois = createObjectInputStream(decorateInputStream(is),codebaseUrl);

try{

//从对象输入流中读取远程调用结果

return doReadRemoteInvocationResult(ois);

}

finally{

ois.close();

}

}

//从对象输入流中读取远程调用结果

protected RemoteInvocationResult doReadRemoteInvocationResult(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException {

//获取对象输入流中的对象

Object obj = ois.readObject();

if(!(obj instanceof RemoteInvocationResult)){

throw new RemoteException("Deserialized object needs to be assignable to type [" + RemoteInvocationResult.class.getName() + "]: " + obj);

}

//将获取到的对象封装为RemoteInvocationResult

return (RemoteInvocationResult) obj;

}

7、HTTP调用器的服务器端配置:

和HTTP调用器客户端类似,服务器端也需要进行如下的配置:

<bean name="/客户端的远程调用URL" class = "org.springframework.remoting.httpinvoker.HttpInvokerServiceExporter">

<property name="service">

<ref bean= "服务器端实现bean"/>

</property>

<property name="serviceInterface">

<value>远程调用服务接口全路径</value>

</property>

通过对服务器端配置的列子,我们可以看出,真正处理远程调用的服务器实现是由service属性中指定的服务器端bean提供的,HttpInvokerServiceExporter将远程调用服务接口和服务实现类进行封装,主要提供HTTP协议封装和java对象序列化功能。

Spring的HttpInvokerServiceExporter是与Spring的MVC结合在一起的,它本质上是Spring MVC的一个Controller,客户端发来的远程调用HTTP请求由Spring MVC的中央控制器DispatcherServlet转发到指定的URL的HttpInvokerServiceExporter上。

8、HttpInvokerServiceExporter导出和执行远程调用服务:

HttpInvokerServcieExporter响应客户端发送的远程调用HTTP请求,它从HTTP请求中读取远程调用并将其反序列化为RemoteInvocation对象,然后调用目标服务对象的目标方法完成远程调用服务,当服务执行完成之后,通过HTTP响应把执行结果对象序列化输出到客户端。其源码如下:

public class HttpInvokerServiceExporter extends RemoteInvocationSerializingExporter implements HttpRequestHandler {

//处理客户端发来的远程调用HTTP请求

public void handRequest(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,IOException {

try{

//从HTTP请求中反序列化出RemoteInvocation远程调用对象

RemoteInvocation invocation = readRemoteInvocation(request);

//调用目标服务对象,完成远程调用请求,并创建调用结果

RemoteInvocationResult result = invokeAndCreateResult(invocation,getProxy());

//将调用结果写到HTTP响应中

writeRemoteInvocationResult(request,response,result);

}

catch(ClassNotFoundException ex){

throw new NestedServletException("Class not found during deserialization",ex);

}

}

//从HTTP请求中读取RemoteInvocation远程调用对象入口方法

protected RemoteInvocation readRemoteInvocation(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException {

//将从HTTP请求中读取远程调用对象

return readRemoteInvocation(request,request.getInputStream());

}

//从HTTP请求中读取远程调用对象

protected RemoteInvocation readRemoteInvocation(HttpServletRequest request,InputStream is) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException {

//根据HTTP请求输入流创建对象输入流

ObjectInputStream ois = createObjectInputStream(decorateInputStream(request,is));

try{

//从对象输入流中读取远程调用对象

return doReadRemoteInvocation(ois);

}

finally{

ois.close();

}

}

//获取HTTP请求输入流

protected InputStream decorateInputStream(HttpServletRequest request,InputStream is) throws IOException {

return is;

}

//将远程调用执行结果写到HTTP响应中

protected void writeRemoteInvocationRequest(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletRespose respose,RemoteInvocationResult result) throws IOException {

//设置HTTP响应的内容类型为:application/x -java-serialized-object

respose.setContentType(getContentType());

//将远程调用结果写到HTTP响应中

writeRemoteInvocationResult(request,response,result,response.getOutputStream());

}

//将远程调用执行结果写入HTTP响应中

protected void writeRemoteInvocationResult(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServeltResponse response,RemoteInvocationResult result,OutputStream os)

throws IOException {

//获取HTTP响应对象输出流

ObjectOutputStream oos = createObjectOutputStream(decorateOutputStream(request,response,os));

try{

//将远程调用执行结果写到HTTP响应对象输出流中

doWriteRemoteInvocationResult(result,oos);

}

finally{

oos.close();

}

}

//获取HTTP响应对象输入流

protected OutputStream decorateOutputStream(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletRespose response,OutputStream os) throws IOException {

return os;

}

}

通过对HttpInvokerServiceExporter的源码分析,我们可以看出,真正执行远程对象调用的是RemoteInvocationResult = invokeAndCreateResult(invocation,getProxy());它调用了RemoteInvocationBasedExporter的invokerAndCreateResult方法调用远程目标对象方法,并创建远程调用执行结果,下面我们继续分析执行服务器端远程调用目标对象方法的实现。

9、RemoteInvocationBasedExporter调用服务器目标对象:

RemoteInvocationBasedExporter的invokeAndCreateResult方法调用服务器目标对象方法,RemoteInvocationBasedExporter源码如下:

public abstract class RemoteInvocationBasedExporter extends RemoteExporter {

//远程调用执行器

private RemoteInvocationExecutor remoteInvocationExecutor = new DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor();

public RemoteInvocationExecutor getRemoteInvocationExecutor(){

return this.remoteInvocationExecutor;

}

protected RemoteInvocationResult invokeAndCreateResult(RemoteInvocation invocation,Object targetObject) {

try{

//调用服务器端目标对象的方法

Object value = invoke(invocation,targetObject);

//根据执行结果创建RemoteInvocationResult

return new RemoteInvocationResult(value);

}

catch(Throwable ex){

return new RemoteInvocationResult(ex);

}

}

//调用目标对象的方法

protected Object invoke(RemoteInvocation invocation,Object targetObject) throws NoSuchMethodException,IllegalAccessException,InvocationTargetException {

if(logger.isTraceEnabled()){

logger.trace("Executing " + invocation);

}

try{

//获取远程调用执行器,由远程调用执行器调用目标对象的方法,即通过DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor来调用目标对象的方法

return getRemoteInvocationExecutor().invoke(invocation,targetObject);

}

catch(NoSuchMethodException ex){

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

logger.warn("Could not find target method for "+ invocation,ex);

}

throw ex;

}

catch(InvocationTargetException ex){

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

logger.debug("Target method failed for " + invocation,ex.getTargetException());

}

throw ex;

}

}

}

通过上面对RemoteInvocationBasedExporter源码分析我们看到,真正调用目标对象的是DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor的invoke方法,下面我们继续分析DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor调用目标对象方法的实现。

10、DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor调用目标对象的方法实现远程调用:

DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor用于调用目标对象的指定方法实现远程对象调用服务,其源码如下:

public class DefaultRemoteInvocationExecutor implements RemoteInvocationExecutor {

//调用目标对象的方法

public Object invoke(RemoteInvocation invocation,Object targetObject) throws NoSuchMethodException,IllegalAccessException,InvocationTargetException {

Assert.notNull(invocation,"RemoteInvocation must not be null");

Assert.notNull(targetObject,"Target object must not be null");

//调用RemoteInvocation的invoke方法

return invocation.invoke(targetObject);

}

}

RemoteInvocation的invoke方法源码如下:

public Object invoke(Object targetObject) throws NoSuchMethodException,IllegalAccessException,InvocationTargetException {

//获取远程调用对象的方法名称和参数类型

Method method = targetObject.getClass().getMethod(this.methodName,this.parameterTypes);

//利用JDK反射机制,调用目标对象指定参数的方法

return method.invoke(targetObject,this.arguments);

}
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