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Objective-C语法之异常处理

2014-07-09 00:00 323 查看
Objective-C的异常比较像Java的异常处理,也有@finally的处理,不管异常是否捕获都都要执行。

异常处理捕获的语法:

@try {
<#statements#>
}
@catch (NSException *exception) {
<#handler#>
}
@finally {
<#statements#>
}
@catch{} 块 对异常的捕获应该先细后粗,即是说先捕获特定的异常,再使用一些泛些的异常类型。

我们自定义两个异常类,看看异常异常处理的使用。

1、新建SomethingException,SomeOverException这两个类,都继承与NSException类。

SomethingException.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface SomethingException : NSException

@end
SomethingException.m

#import "SomethingException.h"

@implementation SomethingException

@end

SomeOverException.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface SomeOverException : NSException

@end

SomeOverException.m

#import "SomeOverException.h"

@implementation SomeOverException

@end

2、新建Box类,在某些条件下产生异常。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Box : NSObject
{
NSInteger number;
}
-(void) setNumber: (NSInteger) num;
-(void) pushIn;
-(void) pullOut;
-(void) printNumber;
@end


@implementation Box
-(id) init {
self = [super init];

if ( self ) {
[self setNumber: 0];
}

return self;
}

-(void) setNumber: (NSInteger) num {
number = num;

if ( number > 10 ) {
NSException *e = [SomeOverException
exceptionWithName: @"BoxOverflowException"
reason: @"The level is above 100"
userInfo: nil];
@throw e;
} else if ( number >= 6 ) {
// throw warning
NSException *e = [SomethingException
exceptionWithName: @"BoxWarningException"
reason: @"The level is above or at 60"
userInfo: nil];
@throw e;
} else if ( number < 0 ) {
// throw exception
NSException *e = [NSException
exceptionWithName: @"BoxUnderflowException"
reason: @"The level is below 0"
userInfo: nil];
@throw e;
}
}

-(void) pushIn {
[self setNumber: number + 1];
}

-(void) pullOut {
[self setNumber: number - 1];
}

-(void) printNumber {
NSLog(@"Box number is: %d", number);
}
@end
这个类的作用是,初始化Box时,number数字是0,可以用pushIn 方法往Box里推入数字,每调用一次,number加1.当number数字大于等于6时产生SomethingException异常,告诉你数字达到或超过6了,超过10时产生
SomeOverException异常,小于1时产生普通的NSException异常。

这里写 [SomeOverException exceptionWithName:@"BoxOverflowException" reason:@"The level is above 100"异常的名称和理由,在捕获时可以获取。

3、使用Box,在适当添加下捕获Box类的异常

3.1、在没超过6时,没有异常

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
Box *box = [[Box alloc]init];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[box pushIn];
[box printNumber];
}
}
打印结果:

Box number is: 1

Box number is: 2

Box number is: 3

Box number is: 4

Box number is: 5

3.2 超过6,产生异常

for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
[box pushIn];
[box printNumber];
}

2012-07-04 09:12:05.889 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 1
2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 2
2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 3
2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 4
2012-07-04 09:12:05.891 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 5
2012-07-04 09:12:05.891 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'BoxWarningException', reason: 'The number is above or at 60'
这是时,
程序抛出异常崩溃了。那怎么使程序不崩溃呢,做异常处理。

3.3、加上异常处理

for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
@try {
[box pushIn];
}
@catch (SomethingException *exception) {
NSLog(@"%@ %@", [exception name], [exception reason]);
}
@catch (SomeOverException *exception) {
NSLog(@"%@", [exception name]);
}
@finally {
[box printNumber];
}
}
运行,程序没有崩溃,打印结果:

2012-07-04 09:14:35.165 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 1
2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 2
2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 3
2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 4
2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 5
2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 6
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 7
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 8
2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60
2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 9
2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60
2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 10
2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxOverflowException
2012-07-04 09:14:35.225 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 11
超过10时,SomeOverException
异常抛出。

3.4 、小于0时的异常

在Box类的setNumber里,当number小于0时,我们抛出普通异常。

@try {
[box setNumber:-10];
}
@catch (NSException *exception) {
NSLog(@"%@",[exception name]);
}
@finally {
[box printNumber];
}
打印结果:

2012-07-04 09:17:42.405 ObjectiveCTest[753:f803] BoxUnderflowException
2012-07-04 09:17:42.406 ObjectiveCTest[753:f803] Box number is: -10

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