初识salt之saltstack配置应用以及基础用法 推荐

一、测试是否能管理client

使用模块cmd.run 可以查看到client的ip地址

[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ip a'
salt_client1:
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f4:4f:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.100.245/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef4:4f0b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@salt_server ~]#

二、查看版本

[root@salt_server ~]# salt --versions-report
Salt: 2014.1.0
Python: 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jun 18 2012, 14:18:47)
Jinja2: unknown
M2Crypto: 0.20.2
msgpack-python: 0.1.13
msgpack-pure: Not Installed
pycrypto: 2.0.1
PyYAML: 3.09
PyZMQ: 2.2.0.1
ZMQ: 3.2.4
[root@salt_server ~]#

关于salt的命令 可以用salt -h 来查看具体用法

三、简单使用salt
salt 在语句的后面加个 -t 时间，就可以做超时控制：

[root@salt_server ~]# salt \* cmd.run 'sleep 3; echo ok' -t 3
salt_client1:
ok
[root@salt_server ~]#

salt \* 代表所有的在线客户端，离线的是无法显示出来的

使用用shell来表示salt：

[root@salt_server ~]# salt 'salt_client1' cmd.run 'dir'
salt_client1:
anaconda-ks.cfg     install.log.syslog
epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm  rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
install.log
[root@salt_server ~]#

用正则来查看以salt开头的所有主机的目录

[root@salt_server ~]# salt 'salt_*'  cmd.run 'dir'
salt_client1:
anaconda-ks.cfg     install.log.syslog
epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm  rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
install.log
[root@salt_server ~]#

使用正则E来查看主机

[root@salt_server ~]# salt -E 'salt_client*' test.ping
salt_client1:
True
salt_client2:
True
[root@salt_server ~]#

使用-L 来用列表方式来表示

[root@salt_server ~]# salt -L 'salt_client1,salt_client2' test.ping
salt_client1:
True
salt_client2:
True
[root@salt_server ~]#

-N 是查看组。首先我们来添加组

修改配置文件master vim /etc/salt/master
nodegroups:
salt_group1: 'L@salt_client1,salt_client2'
salt_group2: 'salt_client1'

[root@salt_server ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [  OK  ]
Starting salt-master daemon:                               [  OK  ]
[root@salt_server ~]#

然后在查看

-N 参数
salt_client1 这里指组名
test.ping这里指命令

[root@salt_server ~]# salt -N salt_group1 test.ping
salt_client1:
True
salt_client2:
True
[root@salt_server ~]# salt -N salt_group2 test.ping
salt_client1:
True
[root@salt_server ~]#
[root@salt_server ~]# salt -N salt_group1 cmd.run 'hostname'
salt_client1:
salt_client1
salt_client2:
salt_client2
[root@salt_server ~]#

关于组的混合匹配 高级用法： http://blog.cunss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/20140210173734_68950.png
测试所有主机是否能连接

[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' test.ping
salt_client1:
True

测试salt_client1是否能连接

[root@salt_server ~]# salt 'salt_client1' test.ping
salt_client1:
True
[root@salt_server ~]#
[root@salt_server ~]# salt-syndic -l debug
salt '*' -b 10 test.ping
salt -G 'os:RedHat' --batch-size 25% apache.signal restart

四、使用grains 插件
grains 是salt客户端自己收集机器的相关信息，以及特称，在服务端我们可以使用-G参数来查看

使用-G来应用salt
这个参数很强大会根据用grair来指定最新的grains z这个参数和puppet里面的facter差不多
查看帮助如下:

-G, --grain         Instead of using shell globs to evaluate the target
use a grain value to identify targets, the syntax for
the target is the grain key followed by a
globexpression: "os:Arch*"

我的系统是CentOS我就输入CentOS。

[root@salt_server ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS'  test.ping
salt_client1:
True
[root@salt_server ~]#
[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' grains.item os
salt_client1:
os: CentOS
[root@salt_server ~]#
[root@salt_server ~]# salt -G 'cpuarch:x86_64' grains.item num_cpus
salt_client1:
num_cpus: 1
salt_client2:
num_cpus: 1
[root@salt_server ~]#
[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' grains.items查看有多少项目参数
[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' grains.ls查看有哪些参数

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' grains.items 查看某个机器的基本信息
salt_client1:
biosreleasedate: 07/31/2013
biosversion: 6.00
cpu_flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dts
cpu_model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ 2.50GHz
cpuarch: x86_64
defaultencoding: UTF8
defaultlanguage: en_US
domain:
external_ip:
fqdn: salt_client1
fqdn_ip4:
192.168.100.245
fqdn_ip6:
gpus:
{'model': 'SVGA II Adapter', 'vendor': 'unknown'}
host: salt_client1
hwaddr_interfaces: {'lo': '00:00:00:00:00:00', 'eth0': '00:0c:29:f4:4f:0b'}
id: salt_client1
ip_interfaces: {'lo': ['127.0.0.1'], 'eth0': ['192.168.100.245']}
ipv4:
127.0.0.1
192.168.100.245
ipv6:
kernel: Linux
kernelrelease: 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
localhost: salt_client1
lsb_distrib_codename: Final
lsb_distrib_id: CentOS
lsb_distrib_release: 6.3
manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
master: 192.168.100.228
mem_total: 988
nodename: salt_client1
num_cpus: 1
num_gpus: 1
os: CentOS
os_family: RedHat
osarch: x86_64
oscodename: Final
osfinger: CentOS-6
osfullname: CentOS
osmajorrelease:
6
3
osrelease: 6.3
path: /sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
productname: VMware Virtual Platform
ps: ps -efH
pythonpath:
/usr/bin
/usr/lib64/python26.zip
/usr/lib64/python2.6
/usr/lib64/python2.6/plat-linux2
/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-tk
/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-old
/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload
/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
pythonversion: 2.6.6.final.0
saltpath: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion: 2014.1.0
saltversioninfo:
2014
1
0
serialnumber: VMware-56 4d 4b 45 d5 06 b3 89-63 e6 be 9b 64 f4 4f 0b
server_id: 21436595
shell: /bin/bash
virtual: VMware
[root@salt_server salt]#

五、使用salt来同步一个第一个简单的文件

[root@salt_server ~]# mkdir /srv/salt/base -p
[root@salt_server ~]# cd /srv/salt/base
[root@salt_server salt]# echo "test salt first file" >> first.txt
[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' cp.get_file salt://first.txt /home/first.txt
salt_client1:
/home/first.txt
[root@salt_server salt]#

在客户端查看

[root@salt_client1 home]# pwd
/home
[root@salt_client1 home]# cat first.txt
test salt first file
[root@salt_client1 home]#

[root@salt_server salt]# salt-run jobs.list_jobs 最近操作文件的配置
[root@salt_server salt]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20140317113642863799  后面是返回值 配合第一个一起使用

六、使用salt来查看客户端系统相关信息
查看当前是否有任务运行

[root@salt_server salt]# salt-run jobs.active
{}
[root@salt_server salt]#

查看所有的主机名

[root@salt_server salt]# salt '*' cmd.run hostname
salt_client1:
salt_client1
[root@salt_server salt]#

查看系统

[root@salt_server salt]# salt '*' grains.item os
salt_client1:
os: CentOS
[root@salt_server salt]#

查看客户端IP地址

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' network.interfaces
salt_client1:
----------
eth0:
----------
hwaddr:
00:0c:29:f4:4f:0b
inet:
----------
- address:
192.168.100.245
- broadcast:
192.168.100.255
- label:
eth0
- netmask:
255.255.255.0
up:
True
lo:
----------
hwaddr:
00:00:00:00:00:00
inet:
----------
- address:
127.0.0.1
- broadcast:
None
- label:
lo
- netmask:
255.0.0.0
up:
True
[root@salt_server salt]#

查看硬盘

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' disk.usage
salt_client1:
----------
/:
----------
1K-blocks:
10321208
available:
8462124
capacity:
14%
filesystem:
/dev/sda2
used:
1334796
/boot:
----------
1K-blocks:
198337
available:
159996
capacity:
15%
filesystem:
/dev/sda1
used:
28101
/dev/shm:
----------
1K-blocks:
506352
available:
506352
capacity:
0%
filesystem:
tmpfs
used:
0
/home:
----------
1K-blocks:
10321208
available:
9642808
capacity:
2%
filesystem:
/dev/sda3
used:
154112
/media:
----------
1K-blocks:
19134336
available:
4939136
capacity:
73%
filesystem:
192.168.100.249:/opt/
used:
13223232
/mnt:
----------
1K-blocks:
19134336
available:
4939136
capacity:
73%
filesystem:
192.168.100.249:/opt/CentOS
used:
13223232
[root@salt_server salt]#

[root@salt_server ~]# salt 'salt_client1' cmd.run 'df -h'
salt_client1:
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             9.9G  1.3G  8.1G  14% /
tmpfs                 495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   28M  157M  15% /boot
/dev/sda3             9.9G  151M  9.2G   2% /home
192.168.100.249:/opt/CentOS
19G   13G  4.8G  73% /mnt
192.168.100.249:/opt/
19G   13G  4.8G  73% /media
[root@salt_server ~]#

七、使用salt来管理系统软件包
安装包

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' pkg.install telnet
salt_client1:
----------
telnet:
----------
new:
0.17-47.el6
old:

[root@salt_server salt]#

查看安装的包，这里安装的包指的不是用salt安装的包 而是全部的包
[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' pkg.list_pkgs

删除刚安装的包

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' pkg.remove telnet
salt_client1:
----------
telnet:
----------
new:
sal
old:
0.17-47.el6
[root@salt_server salt]#

在客户端查看

[root@salt_client1 salt]# rpm -qa | grep telnet
telnet-0.17-47.el6.x86_64
[root@salt_client1 salt]# telnet
telnet> ^C
[root@salt_client1 salt]# rpm -qa | grep telnet
[root@salt_client1 salt]#

查看repos内容:

[root@salt_server salt]# salt 'salt_client1' pkg.list_repos
salt_client1:
----------
source:
----------
baseurl:
file:///mnt/CentOS6.3
enabled:
1
file:
/etc/yum.repos.d/source.repo
gpgcheck:
0
name:
source
source1:
----------
baseurl:
file:///mnt/saltstack
enabled:
1
file:
/etc/yum.repos.d/source.repo
gpgcheck:
0
name:
source1
[root@salt_server salt]#

如果想查看所有minion的链接情况，我们可以用如下命令来查看

[root@salt_server ~]# salt '*' test.ping
salt_client1:
True
[root@salt_server ~]# salt-run manage.status
down:
up:
- salt_client1
[root@salt_server ~]#

删除客户端的一个用户：

[root@salt_server ~]# salt 'salt_client1' webutil.userdel /etc/passwd kcc
salt_client1:
- Deleting password for user kcc
[root@salt_server ~]#
Space-delimited arguments to the function:
[root@salt_server ~]# salt \* cmd.exec_code python 'import sys; print sys.version'
salt_client2:
2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jun 18 2012, 14:18:47)
[GCC 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3)]
salt_client1:
2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jun 18 2012, 14:18:47)
[GCC 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3)]
[root@salt_server ~]#