如何获取Oracle数据库中某个用户下的所有表、索引、约束、触发器

在Oracle数据库中，如何快速获取某个用户下的所有表、索引、约束及触发器的创建SQL语句呢？本文给出一个简单的示例脚本，经过测试，除位于回收站下的对象及只读视图的约束语句不能获取，其它对象基本均可获取CREATE语句。

脚本内容如下：

[oracle@oracledg ~]$ cat get_ddl.sql
-- Be sure the variable 'S' means the Schema name,it should be UPPERCASE.
-- And this script COULDNOT get the constraints CREATE DDL,which CONSTRAINT_TYPE is 'O',cause it's READ ONLY on a view.
-- Author Info:Asher Huang
-- http://OracleOnlinux.cn -- Mail:3dian14@gmail.com

def S='&Schema'
set serveroutput on
set long 20000
set lines 2000 pages 0 ver off echo off head off feed off
set newpage none
set trimspool on
set long 5000000
spool &S..sql
DECLARE
CURSOR C1 IS
SELECT '&S' AS u_name, table_name AS tab_name FROM user_tables;
CURSOR C2 IS
SELECT '&S' AS u_name, index_name AS idx_name FROM user_indexes;
CURSOR C3 IS
SELECT '&S' AS u_name, constraint_name AS cons_name FROM user_constraints where constraint_type not in('R','O');
CURSOR C4 IS
SELECT '&S' AS u_name, table_name AS tab_name FROM user_constraints where constraint_type in('R');
CURSOR C5 IS
SELECT '&S' AS u_name, trigger_name AS trig_name FROM user_triggers;
V_MSG CLOB;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Tables are:');
FOR x IN C1 LOOP
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE', x.tab_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Indexes are:');
FOR x IN C2 LOOP
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX', x.idx_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Constraints are:');
FOR x IN C3 LOOP
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('CONSTRAINT', x.cons_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Reference Constraints are:');
FOR x IN C4 LOOP
select dbms_metadata.get_dependent_ddl('REF_CONSTRAINT', x.tab_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Triggers are:');
FOR x IN C5 LOOP
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TRIGGER', x.trig_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
END LOOP;
END;
/
spool off;
[oracle@oracledg ~]$

测试获取SCOTT用户的所有表、索引、约束、触发器创建脚本如下：
[oracle@oracledg ~]$ cat SCOTT.sql
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Tables are:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS"
( "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"SAL" NUMBER,
"COMM" NUMBER
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"
( "GRADE" NUMBER,
"LOSAL" NUMBER,
"HISAL" NUMBER
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Indexes are:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ON "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"

The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Constraints are:

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE

The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Reference Constraints are:

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE

The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Triggers are:
[oracle@oracledg ~]$