linux 挂载磁盘阵列+开机启动+超过2T大硬盘

这次干活，服务器硬盘26T，但是发现无论是Ubuntu11.04还是Centos5.6，都是无法直接分配一个分区超过16T.

没想到，linux还有这个局限。改天好好研究一下这个。
2014年06月19日 星期六 17:18

本次操作环境：

Ubuntu Server 10.10

SCSI Harddisk：/dev/sda 500GB

U盘：/dev/sdb 8GB（模拟成USB Harddisk，安装OS）

介绍2种分区表：

MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）

所支持的最大卷：2T （T; terabytes,1TB=1024GB）

对分区的设限：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。

GPT分区表：（GPT含义：GUID分区表）

支持最大卷：18EB，（E：exabytes,1EB=1024TB）

每个磁盘最多支持128个分区

所以如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表。

Linux下fdisk工具不支持GPT，得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted。

fdisk工具用的话，会有下面的警告信息：

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

下面是用parted工具对/dev/sda做GPT分区的过程：

root@node01:/mnt# parted /dev/sda

GNU Parted 2.3

Using /dev/sda

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) mklabel gpt

Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sda will be destroyed and all data on this disk

will be lost. Do you want to continue?

Yes/No? yes

(parted) print

Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 500GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

(parted)mkpart primary 0KB 500GB

Warning: You requested a partition from 0.00B to 500GB.

The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 500GB.

Is this still acceptable to you?

Yes/No? yes

Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.

Ignore/Cancel? Ignore

(parted) print

Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 500GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB primary

(parted)quit

Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@node01:/#fdisk -l

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sda: 499.6 GB, 499558383616 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60734 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 1 60735 487849983+ ee GPT

root@node01:/#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

30490624 inodes, 121962487 blocks

6098124 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

3722 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

102400000

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

root@node01:/#mount /dev/sda1 /export/glusterfs01/

root@node01:/# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/node01-root

6.8G 987M 5.5G 16% /

none 7.9G 208K 7.9G 1% /dev

none 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm

none 7.9G 32K 7.9G 1% /var/run

none 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /var/lock

/dev/sdb1 228M 21M 196M 10% /boot

/dev/sda1 458G 198M 435G 1% /export/glusterfs01

root@node01:/#vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

#

# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier

# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name

# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).

#

# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>

proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0

/dev/mapper/node01-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

# /boot was on /dev/sdb1 during installation

UUID=c21707ff-ba0f-43ee-819a-8e72fa0f8500 /boot ext2 defaults 0 2

/dev/mapper/node01-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0

/dev/sda1 /export/glusterfs01 ext4 defaults 0 2

重启就可以自动挂载了！至此完成。