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zabbix发送报警的几种方法 推荐

2014-06-18 00:08 309 查看
最近有个朋友问我zabbix报警怎么做比较简单,灵活,方便。
其实目前zabbix的报警无怪乎下面几种方法:
1.通过action直接调用sendmail一类的脚本,传入zabbix的宏变量,优点:配置比较简单,缺点:缺乏灵活性。
2.通过action调用脚本,传入宏变量,并通过脚本来做后续的处理,这个方法比较简单也比较灵活,大部分情况下都适用。
3.抓取zabbix 数据库里面的报警信息并做报警处理,比如可以通过下面的sql抓取一段时间范围内的报警信息:
select s.host,h.ip,i.key_,a.subject,a.message,t.priority,a.clock from alerts a,events e,
triggers t,functions f,items i,interface h,hosts s where a.eventid=e.eventid
and e.objectid=t.triggerid and t.triggerid=f.triggerid and i.itemid=f.itemid
and i.hostid=h.hostid and e.object='0' and e.source='0' and s.hostid=i.hostid
and a.clock > 'xxxx'
这里简单说下第二种方法(对于第二种方法有比较多的扩展,比如通过脚本把消息发送至消息队列中,然后由后端的报警程序消费,后端的报警程序可以做一些扩展的功能,比如结合cmdb来获取业务负责人,机器的维护状态等,这个涉及到一定的开发量,我们这里说下简单的方法):
简单说下想要实现的目标
1)发送的邮件可以做一些基本的判断(比如获取内存使用,cpu使用,服务器负载等),并增加历史的图形展示
2)根据主机名,item名来判断收件人(属于谁的发送给谁,sample的脚本没有写这个功能)
首先,在action里面的operations设置如下:
注意target list/type,execute on项,以及脚本的参数(注意双引号)



创建报警脚本(写得比较挫,见谅):
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
#zabbix remote command
import time,datetime
import re,os
import sys
import zabbix_sendmail
from zabbix_sendmail import SendmailError
import subprocess
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
LOGFILE = "/apps/svr/zabbix_server/scripts/logs/out.log"
MAXLOGSIZE = 100*1024*1024
BACKUPCOUNT = 4
log = logging.getLogger('zabbix_exec_command')
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
fh = RotatingFileHandler(LOGFILE,maxBytes=MAXLOGSIZE,backupCount=BACKUPCOUNT)
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
log.addHandler(fh)
log.addHandler(ch)
def get_2hour_ago():
a = os.popen("date +%Y%m%d%H   -d '2 hours ago'").readlines()[0]
b = a.strip()
return b
def run_command(ip,command):
cmd = "zabbix_get  -s " + ip  + " -k  'system.run[\"" + command + "\"]'"
return os.popen(cmd).readlines()
mailcontent = ""
if __name__ == "__main__":
to_list = []
to_mobile = []
if len(sys.argv) != 8:
print "show usage: %s serverip  itemid itemname hostname itemkey itemvalue triggerstatus" % (sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
mailcontent = """
<html>
<body>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html";charset=utf-8>
<title>大数据监控邮件</title>
<style type="text/css">
.body { font-size: 14px; color: #333;background-color: #fff;}
.divtd {color:#E28E40;}
</style>
"""
ip,itemid,itemname,hostname = sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2],sys.argv[3],sys.argv[4]
itemkey,itemvalue,triggerstatus = str(sys.argv[5]).replace(" ",""),str(sys.argv[6]).replace(" ",""),sys.argv[7]
log.info("报警信息:IP:%s,监控项:%s,主机名:%s,监控key:%s"%(ip,itemname,hostname,itemkey))
time_start = get_2hour_ago()
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'> 监控项:%s , 主机名:%s ,IP:%s ,当前值: %s </div><br />" % (itemname,hostname,ip,itemvalue)
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>内存信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for line in run_command(ip,"free -m"):
line=line.strip()
mailcontent += "%s<br />"  % line
mailcontent += "<br /></div>"
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>IO信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for line in run_command(ip,"iostat -xn 1 1"):
line=line.strip()
mailcontent += "%s<br />"  % line
mailcontent += "<br /></div>"
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>负载信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for line in run_command(ip,"sar -q 1 3"):
line=line.strip()
mailcontent += "%s<br />"  % line
mailcontent += "<br /></div>"
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>CPU信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for line in run_command(ip,"mpstat -P ALL"):
line=line.strip()
mailcontent += "%s<br />"  % line
mailcontent += "<br /></div>"
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>系统日志:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for line in run_command(ip,"/usr/bin/sudo tail -20 /var/log/messages"):
line=line.strip()
mailcontent += "%s<br />"  % line
mailcontent += "<br /></div>"
to_list = ["xxxx"]
mailcontent += "<div class='divtd'>历史数据:</div> <div class='.body'>"
mailcontent += "<table style='border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%;'>"
mailcontent += """<tr><img src=http://xxxxxx/chart.php?itemid=%s&period=7200&stime=%s width="871" height="305"/>"""  % (itemid,time_start)
mailcontent += "</tr> </table>"
mailcontent += """</html>
</body>"""
print mailcontent
log.debug("监控邮件内容:%s"%mailcontent)
log.info("邮件收件人:%s,短信收件人列表:%s"%(to_list,to_mobile))
mail_sub = "Zabbix监控报警|当前状态:%s,监控项:%s,监控主机:%s " % (triggerstatus,itemname,hostname)
log.info("开始发送邮件,邮件主题:%s"%mail_sub)
try:
zabbix_sendmail.send_mail_withoutSSL(to_list,mail_sub,mailcontent)
log.info("报警邮件发送成功")
except SendmailError,e:
log.error("报警邮件发送失败,失败信息:%s"%(str(e)))
其中zabbix_sendmail的内容如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
#to send zabbix alert mail
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import traceback
import exceptions
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
mail_host = "xxxxx"
mail_user = "xxxx"
mail_pass = "xxxx"
mail_address = "xxx"
mail_postfix="xxxx"
mail_port="xxx"
class SendmailError(Exception):
def __init__(self, errorlog):
self.errorlog = errorlog
def __str__(self):
return "发送邮件错误,错误信息: %s" % (self.errorlog)
def send_mail_withoutSSL(to_list,sub,content):
me = "BI Monitor" + "<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">"
msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf8')
msg['Subject'] = sub
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(mail_host)
s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
s.close()
return True
except Exception, e:
raise SendmailError(str(e))
发送的报警邮件如下



关于报警问题的debug:
1.看看trigger有没有正常触发(dashboard上有没有对应的action)
2.发送报警的命令运行是否正常(手动验证)
3.结合server的日志和zabbix的数据库debug(比较常用的是alerts表)
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标签:  zabbix 报警