安装Debian新内核

之前安装了Debian 7.0 Wheezy 64位，发现GNOME 3 无法启动，会使用gnome-classic来显示。另外一个问题就是鼠标总是闪烁，忽隐忽现。找了很久，找到鼠标闪烁是因为Intel的HD 4600核芯显卡驱动的问题，我的内核是3.2的，不支持，所以出现这个问题。

Solve the Intel Haswell HD4600 graphics card: use Jessie, forget Wheezy.

ref: http://forum.xbmc.org/showthread.php?tid=176561
找到问题，解决办法很简单，就是升级内核。首先想到的是编译一个新内核安装。找了一些资料后，发现编译内核需要1.5小时时间，很长。那就找一找Debian已经编译好的内核了。这就需要backports。

1. 配置bakcports源。

在/etc/apt/sources.list中增加这么一行：

# backport

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-backports main non-free contrib

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-backports main non-free contrib

然后更新

># apt-get update

2. 安装内核

> sudo apt-get -t wheezy-backports install linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64

可能出现一点问题，不过应该不影响。

3. 更新grub

在/boot/grub/grub.cfg中查看是否已经有新内核3.14，有的话，就已经OK。否则，自己手动更新grub。

> sudo update-grub

OK.

reference:

[1] http://www.freeoa.net/osuport/botinstal/debian-backports_1783.html 设置backports

[2] http://www.cnblogs.com/coding-way/archive/2012/01/08/2316221.html 编译和安装内核

[3] http://www.tuicool.com/articles/zYNFva 编译内核

[4] http://blog.csdn.net/silvervi/article/details/6325698 解压内核源代码

[5] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_648e58ab0100h949.html 设置backports

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> install linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 的输出。

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

The following extra packages will be installed:

initramfs-tools

Suggested packages:

linux-doc-3.14 debian-kernel-handbook

The following NEW packages will be installed:

linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64

The following packages will be upgraded:

initramfs-tools

1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 117 not upgraded.

Need to get 31.0 MB of archives.

After this operation, 146 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y

Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-backports/main initramfs-tools all 0.115~bpo70+1 [92.6 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-backports/main linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 amd64 3.14.4-1~bpo70+1 [30.9 MB]

Fetched 31.0 MB in 57s (535 kB/s)

Reading changelogs... Done

Preconfiguring packages ...

(Reading database ... 276816 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to replace initramfs-tools 0.109.1 (using .../initramfs-tools_0.115~bpo70+1_all.deb) ...

Unpacking replacement initramfs-tools ...

Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64.

Unpacking linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 (from .../linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64_3.14.4-1~bpo70+1_amd64.deb) ...

Processing triggers for man-db ...

Setting up initramfs-tools (0.115~bpo70+1) ...

update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)

Setting up linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 (3.14.4-1~bpo70+1) ...

/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:

Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 cannot be found.

Please install the linux-headers-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 package,

or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located

Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 cannot be found.

Please install the linux-headers-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 package,

or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located

/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168g-3.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168g-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8106e-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8106e-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8411-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8411-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8402-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-1.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-2.fw for module r8169

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-1.fw for module r8169

/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:

Generating grub.cfg ...

Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png

Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64

Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64

Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-amd64

Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-amd64

No volume groups found

Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1

done

Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ...

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64