Java语言中Timer类的简洁用法

所有类型的 Java 应用程序一般都需要计划重复执行的任务。企业应用程序需要计划每日的日志或者晚间批处理过程。一个 J2SE 或者 J2ME 日历应用程序需要根据用户的约定计划闹铃时间。不过，标准的调度类 Timer 和 TimerTask 没有足够的灵活性，无法支持通常需要的计划任务类型。在本文中，Java 开发人员 Tom White 向您展示了如何构建一个简单通用的计划框架，以用于执行任意复杂的计划任务。

　　把 java.util.Timer 和 java.util.TimerTask 统称为 Java 计时器框架，它们使程序员可以很容易地计划简单的任务（注意这些类也可用于 J2ME 中）。在 Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, Version 1.3 中引入这个框架之前，开发人员必须编写自己的调度程序，这需要花费很大精力来处理线程和复杂的 Object.wait() 方法。不过，Java 计时器框架没有足够的能力来满足许多应用程序的计划要求。甚至一项需要在每天同一时间重复执行的任务，也不能直接使用
Timer 来计划，因为在夏令时开始和结束时会出现时间跳跃。

　　本文展示了一个通用的 Timer 和 TimerTask 计划框架，从而允许更灵活的计划任务。这个框架非常简单 ?? 它包括两个类和一个接口 ?? 并且容易掌握。如果您习惯于使用 Java 定时器框架，那么您应该可以很快地掌握这个计划框架。

　　计划单次任务

　　计划框架建立在 Java 定时器框架类的基础之上。因此，在解释如何使用计划框架以及如何实现它之前，我们将首先看看如何用这些类进行计划。

　　想像一个煮蛋计时器，在数分钟之后（这时蛋煮好了）它会发出声音提醒您。清单 1 中的代码构成了一个简单的煮蛋计时器的基本结构，它用 Java 语言编写：

清单 1. EggTimer 类

package org.tiling.scheduling.examples;

import java.util.Timer;

import java.util.TimerTask;

public class EggTimer {

private final Timer timer = new Timer();

private final int minutes;

public EggTimer(int minutes) {

this.minutes = minutes;

}

public void start() {

timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {

public void run() {

playSound();

timer.cancel();

}

private void playSound() {

System.out.println("Your egg is ready!");

// Start a new thread to play a sound...

}

}, minutes * 60 * 1000);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EggTimer eggTimer = new EggTimer(2);

eggTimer.start();

}

}

　　EggTimer 实例拥有一个 Timer 实例，用于提供必要的计划。用 start() 方法启动煮蛋计时器后，它就计划了一个 TimerTask，在指定的分钟数之后执行。时间到了，Timer 就在后台调用 TimerTask 的 start() 方法，这会使它发出声音。在取消计时器后这个应用程序就会中止。
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public static void main(String[] args) {

EggTimer eggTimer = new EggTimer(2);

eggTimer.start();

}

}

　　EggTimer 实例拥有一个 Timer 实例，用于提供必要的计划。用 start() 方法启动煮蛋计时器后，它就计划了一个 TimerTask，在指定的分钟数之后执行。时间到了，Timer 就在后台调用 TimerTask 的 start() 方法，这会使它发出声音。在取消计时器后这个应用程序就会中止。