Ubuntu下Postfix邮件服务器安装及基本的设置

一，安装Postfix和相关软件包

1.安装Postfix

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

apt-get install postfix

在安装的过程中，会提示输入选择类型和域名。分别填写"only localhost"和"localhost"

2.安装mailx软件包

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

apt-get install mailutils

mailx软件包是一个命令行的邮件属性程序，mail命令包含在mailx软件包里面

二，测试你的默认设置

1.添加测试用户（以fmaster为例）

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

useradd -m -s /bin/bash fmaster
passwd fmaster

这里密码设置为test1234。在后述的测试中会用到。

2.用下面的命令测试,其实就是测试25端口是否打开

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

telnet localhost 25

3.Postfix将在终端中显示如下提示，这样你就可以用来键入SMTP命令.

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

4.编写邮件并发送

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
ehlo localhost //
250-ubuntu
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from: root@localhost //
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
250 2.1.5 Ok
data //
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject: My first mail on Postfix //
this ia the first postfix mail . //
. //
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 661C75F796
quit //
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

5.切换到fmaster用户，查看邮件

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:~# su - fmaster
fmaster@ubuntu:~$ mail
"/var/mail/fmaster": 1 message 1 new
>N 1 root@localhost 火 1月 29 12: 12/435 My first mail on Postfix

此时的邮件存放在/var/mail/fmaster文件中。

当这个邮件被打开之后，Postfix就会以mbox的风格处理邮件，

将邮件都保存到/home/fmaster/mbox这一个文件中。

6.设置Postfix以支持Maildir风格的邮箱（在修改配置之前备份配置文件）

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

cp -pf /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf_bak
vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

在文件中末尾处，添加如下配置：

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

home_mailbox=Maildir/

7.重启postfix，以使配置生效

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

8.测试

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
ehlo localhost //
250-ubuntu
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from: root@localhost //
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
250 2.1.5 Ok
data //
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject: maildir test //
this is a maildir style mail test . //
. //
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 249315F80D
quit //
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

9.查收邮件这个时候Postfix会在/home/fmaster目录下面生成一个名为Maildir的文件夹，所有的邮件都保存在/home/fmaster/Maildir这个文件夹内。

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

fmaster@ubuntu:~$ ll /home/fmaster/Maildir
合計 20
drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 cur/
drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 new/
drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 tmp/

fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir$ cd new

fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
合計 12
drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./
drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
-rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu

fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
Return-Path: <root@localhost>
X-Original-To: fmaster@localhost
Delivered-To: fmaster@localhost
Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 249315F80D
for <fmaster@localhost>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
Subject: maildir test
Message-Id: <20130129033517.249315F80D@ubuntu>
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
From: root@localhost

this is a maildir style mail test .
1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu (END)

到此为止发送邮件的服务器就搭建成功了，接下来配置收信服务器。

在配置收信服务器中，需要使用到域名，如果没有域名可以修改hosts文件来进行测试。

下面配置中用到的域名: dotuian.com

邮件服务器的IP地址 : 192.168.0.114 (ubutun)

测试客户端 : 192.168.0.80 (windows 7)

三，配置收信服务器

1.修改邮件服务器的hosts文件

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

vim /etc/hosts

在文件中添加

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

127.0.0.1 dotuian.com

2.修改测试客户端的hosts文件

以管理员权限运行一个文本编辑器，打开"C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"，在里面添加

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

192.168.0.114 dotuian.com

如果已经存在域名了，就不要上述的修改hosts文件的两步了。

3.安装收信服务器

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

apt-get install courier-pop
apt-get install courier-imap

4.修改配置文件

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

(a)将域名增加到"mydestination"。配置如下

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

mydestination = localhost, ubuntu, localhost.localdomain, localhost, dotuian.com

(b)将本地网络增加到"mynetworks"。因为服务器IP地址为192.168.0.114，所以配置如下

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

(c)为了能够通过网络接受邮件，修改"inet_interfaces"为"all"

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

#inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_interfaces = all

5.重启postfix服务器

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

6.测试域名配置是否成功(a)通过域名dotuian.com发送邮件

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to dotuian.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
ehlo dotuian.com //
250-ubuntu
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from: shou@dotuian.com //
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to: fmaster@dotuian.com //
250 2.1.5 Ok
data //
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject: mail test with domain //
this is a test mail . //
dotuian.com //
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9E95D5F809
quit //
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

(b)查收邮件检查/home/fmaster/Maildir/new，可以看到新建了一个独立的文件

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
合計 16
drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 14:10 ./
drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../
-rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
-rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 446 1月 29 14:10 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu</span>

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Return-Path: <shou@dotuian.com></span>
X-Original-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
Delivered-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
Received: from dotuian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E95D5F809
for <fmaster@dotuian.com>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
Subject: mail test with domain
Message-Id: <20130129050947.9E95D5F809@ubuntu>
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
From: shou@dotuian.com

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">this is a test mail .</span>
dotuian.com
1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu (END)

7.测试Courier POP3

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to dotuian.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Hello there.
user fmaster //
+OK Password required.
pass test1234 //
+OK logged in.
quit //
+OK Bye-bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.

8.测试 Courier IMAP

[plain]
view plaincopyprint?

root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 143
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to dotuian.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2011 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.
a login fmaster test1234 //
a OK LOGIN Ok.
a logout //
* BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
a OK LOGOUT completed
Connection closed by foreign host.

9.通过Microsoft Outlook收发邮件是的配置