SQLite入门之二常用命令
2014-03-11 18:28
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2.1 基本命令
2.1.1
显示帮助
sqlite> .help
.backup ?DB? FILE Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
.bail ON|OFF Stop after hitting an error. Default OFF
.databases List names and files of attached databases
.dump ?TABLE? ... Dump the database in an SQL text format
If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
.echo ON|OFF Turn command echo on or off
.exit Exit this program
.explain ?ON|OFF? Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.
With no args, it turns EXPLAIN on.
.header(s) ON|OFF Turn display of headers on or off
.help Show this message
.import FILE TABLE Import data from FILE into TABLE
.indices ?TABLE? Show names of all indices
If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables
matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
.log FILE|off Turn logging on or off. FILE can be stderr/stdout
.mode MODE ?TABLE? Set output mode where MODE is one of:
csv Comma-separated values
column Left-aligned columns. (See .width)
html HTML <table> code
insert SQL insert statements for TABLE
line One value per line
list Values delimited by .separator string
tabs Tab-separated values
tcl TCL list elements
.nullvalue STRING Print STRING in place of NULL values
.output FILENAME Send output to FILENAME
.output stdout Send output to the screen
.prompt MAIN CONTINUE Replace the standard prompts
.quit Exit this program
.read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME
.restore ?DB? FILE Restore content of DB (default "main") from FILE
.schema ?TABLE? Show the CREATE statements
If TABLE specified, only show tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
.separator STRING Change separator used by output mode and .import
.show Show the current values for various settings
.stats ON|OFF Turn stats on or off
.tables ?TABLE? List names of tables
If TABLE specified, only list tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
.timeout MS Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
.trace FILE|off Output each SQL statement as it is run
.vfsname ?AUX? Print the name of the VFS stack
.width NUM1 NUM2 ... Set column widths for "column" mode
.timer ON|OFF Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off
sqlite>
2.1.2
进入和退出命令行环境
#退出方法1: .quit bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng ~$ sqlite3 SQLite version 3.7.13 2012-07-17 17:46:21 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite> .quit #退出方法2: .exit bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng ~$ sqlite3 SQLite version 3.7.13 2012-07-17 17:46:21 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite> .exit
2.2
数据库和表相关命令
2.2.1
创建一个新的数据库: sqlite3 数据库名
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng SQLITE$ mkdir db && cd db && sqlite3 wiressqa.db SQLite version 3.7.13 2012-07-17 17:46:21 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite>
2.2.3
打开一个已经存在的数据库: sqlite3 数据库名
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 wirelessqa.db SQLite version 3.7.13 2012-07-17 17:46:21 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite>
2.2.3
导入数据: .read 数据文件
help:
.read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME
example:
准备testdata.sql文件
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE Cars(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text, Cost integer);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(1,'Audi',52642);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(2,'Mercedes',57127);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(3,'Skoda',9000);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(4,'Volvo',29000);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(5,'Bentley',350000);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(6,'Citroen',21000);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(7,'Hummer',41400);
INSERT INTO Cars VALUES(8,'Volkswagen',21600);
COMMIT;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE Orders(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, OrderPrice integer CHECK(OrderPrice>0), Customer text);
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(1200, "Williamson");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(200, "Robertson");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(40, "Robertson");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(1640, "Smith");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(100, "Robertson");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(50, "Williamson");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(150, "Smith");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(250, "Smith");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(840, "Brown");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(440, "Black");
INSERT INTO Orders(OrderPrice, Customer) VALUES(20, "Brown");
COMMIT;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE Friends(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text UNIQUE NOT NULL, Sex text CHECK(Sex IN ('M', 'F')));
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(1,'Jane', 'F');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(2,'Thomas', 'M');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(3,'Franklin', 'M');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(4,'Elisabeth', 'F');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(5,'Mary', 'F');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(6,'Lucy', 'F');
INSERT INTO Friends VALUES(7,'Jack', 'M');
COMMIT;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Customers(CustomerId integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text);
INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Paul Novak');
INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Terry Neils');
INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Jack Fonda');
INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Tom Willis');
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Reservations(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, CustomerId integer, Day text);
INSERT INTO Reservations(CustomerId, Day) VALUES(1, '2009-22-11');
INSERT INTO Reservations(CustomerId, Day) VALUES(2, '2009-28-11');
INSERT INTO Reservations(CustomerId, Day) VALUES(2, '2009-29-11');
INSERT INTO Reservations(CustomerId, Day) VALUES(1, '2009-29-11');
INSERT INTO Reservations(CustomerId, Day) VALUES(3, '2009-02-12');
COMMIT;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE Names(Id integer, Name text);
INSERT INTO Names VALUES(1,'Tom');
INSERT INTO Names VALUES(2,'Lucy');
INSERT INTO Names VALUES(3,'Frank');
INSERT INTO Names VALUES(4,'Jane');
INSERT INTO Names VALUES(5,'Robert');
COMMIT;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE Books(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Title text, Author text, Isbn text default 'not available');
INSERT INTO Books VALUES(1,'War and Peace','Leo Tolstoy','978-0345472403');
INSERT INTO Books VALUES(2,'The Brothers Karamazov','Fyodor Dostoyevsky','978-0486437910');
INSERT INTO Books VALUES(3,'Crime and Punishment','Fyodor Dostoyevsky','978-1840224306');
COMMIT;读入数据
sqlite> .read testdata.sql
2.2.4
导入文本数据
准备data.txt文件
id,name,age,address,hobby 1,bxp,28,hz,ktv 2,zxh,30,hz,play 3,mx,25,kf,ktv 4,ml,26,jx,play 5,cc,25,qdh,ktv
导入data.txt文件
//步骤: 创建表 -- 指定分隔符 -- 导入数据到表 -- 查看
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 txtdata.db
SQLite version 3.7.13 2012-07-17 17:46:21
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite> create table txt_data_table(id char(10),name char(10),age char(10),address varchar(15),hobby varchar (15));
sqlite> .separator ","
sqlite> .import data.txt txt_data_table
sqlite> SELECT * FROM txt_data_table;
id,name,age,address,hobby 1,bxp,28,hz,ktv 2,zxh,30,hz,play 3,mx,25,kf,ktv 4,ml,26,jx,play 5,cc,25,qdh,ktv
2.2.5
列出所有数据表: .tables
help:
.tables ?TABLE? List names of tables
If TABLE specified, only list tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
example:
sqlite> .tables Books Customers Names Reservations Cars Friends Orders
2.2.6
显示数据库或表结构：.schema
help:
.schema ?TABLE? Show the CREATE statements
If TABLE specified, only show tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
example:
1.
显示数据库结构
sqlite> .schema
CREATE TABLE Books(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Title text, Author text, Isbn text default 'not available');
CREATE TABLE Cars(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text, Cost integer);
CREATE TABLE Customers(CustomerId integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text);
CREATE TABLE Friends(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Name text UNIQUE NOT NULL, Sex text CHECK(Sex IN ('M', 'F')));
CREATE TABLE Names(Id integer, Name text);
CREATE TABLE Orders(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, OrderPrice integer CHECK(OrderPrice>0), Customer text);
CREATE TABLE Reservations(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, CustomerId integer, Day text);
2.
显示表结构
sqlite> .schema Books CREATE TABLE Books(Id integer PRIMARY KEY, Title text, Author text, Isbn text default 'not available');
2.2.7
显示当前所有的数据库: .databases
help:
.databases List names and files of attached databases
example:
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 wirelessqa.db ".databases" seq name file --- --------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 main /Users/bixiaopeng/workspace/source-github/wirelessqa/SQLIT
2.2.7
导出SQL脚本
将SQLite中指定的数据表以SQL创建的形式导出
help：
.output FILENAME Send output to FILENAME
.dump ?TABLE? ... Dump the database in an SQL text format
If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching
LIKE pattern TABLE.
example:
1.
导出所有的SQL脚本
sqlite> .output outputdata.sql sqlite> .dump sqlite>
2.
导出指定表的的SQL脚本
sqlite> .output carsdata.sql sqlite> .dump Cars sqlite>
3.
导出数据库
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 wirelessqa.db ".dump" | sqlite3 bxp.db bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ ls -al total 168 drwxr-xr-x 7 bixiaopeng staff 238 2 24 17:37 . drwxr-xr-x 7 bixiaopeng staff 238 2 24 17:37 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 bixiaopeng staff 36864 2 24 17:37 bxp.db -rw-r--r-- 1 bixiaopeng staff 484 2 24 17:31 carsdata.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 bixiaopeng staff 2727 2 24 17:24 outputdata.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 bixiaopeng staff 3174 2 24 17:15 testdata.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 bixiaopeng staff 36864 2 24 17:15 wirelessqa.db bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 bxp.db "SELECT * FROM Cars;" 1|Audi|52642 2|Mercedes|57127 3|Skoda|9000 4|Volvo|29000 5|Bentley|350000 6|Citroen|21000 7|Hummer|41400 8|Volkswagen|21600
4.
导出其它格式
默认list，其它任选
csv Comma-separated values
column Left-aligned columns. (See .width)
html HTML <table> code
insert SQL insert statements for TABLE
line One value per line
list Values delimited by .separator string
tabs Tab-separated values
tcl TCL list elements导出html格式
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 -html wirelessqa.db "SELECT * FROM Cars;"> wirelessqa.html
导出csv格式
bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ sqlite3 -csv wirelessqa.db "SELECT * FROM Cars;"> wirelessqa.csv bixiaopeng@bixiaopeng db$ cat wirelessqa.csv 1,Audi,52642 2,Mercedes,57127 3,Skoda,9000 4,Volvo,29000 5,Bentley,350000 6,Citroen,21000 7,Hummer,41400 8,Volkswagen,21600
本系列主要参考：
http://www.w3cschool.cc/sqlite/sqlite-functions.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/myqiao/archive/2011/07/10/2102465.html
微信公众帐号:
wirelessqa
关于作者：
作者: 毕小朋 | 老 毕 邮箱: wirelessqa.me@gmail.com微博: @WirelessQA 博客: http://blog.csdn.net/wirelessqa
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