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boost log库使用 十二 架构研究和主要使用总结

2014-03-01 14:39 513 查看
前面做了不少boost log的例子,现在来总结一下,最新代码在我的开源项目:https://gitlab.com/mystudy/boost_log

架构

下面是boost log库的架构图:



简单使用

 下面总结一下和这个架构相关的知识:

如何获得Logging core

#include <boost/log/core.hpp>
...
boost::shared_ptr<logging::core> core = logging::core::get();

如何安装Sink对象

一个core可以安装多个Sink,下面的代码假定已经有了两个Sink对象,将其安装到core中
core->add_sink(sink1);
...
core->add_sink(sink2);

如何创建一个Sink对象

需要先创建一个backend对象,然后在创建sink对象的时候,将backend对象传递给它。
typedef sinks::synchronous_sink<sinks::text_file_backend> TextSink;
// init sink1
boost::shared_ptr<sinks::text_file_backend> backend1 = boost::make_shared<sinks::text_file_backend>(
keywords::file_name = "sign_%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.%N.log",
keywords::rotation_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024,
keywords::time_based_rotation = sinks::file::rotation_at_time_point(0, 0, 0),
keywords::min_free_space = 30 * 1024 * 1024);
boost::shared_ptr<TextSink> sink1(new TextSink(backend1));

如何创建一个backend对象

指定frontend类型

前面的代码中已经演示,注意backend的类型需要制定一个frontend类型作为其模板类。因此,当创建一个backend对象的时候,已经确定了frontend。
这个frontend模板可以用synchronous_sink类,也可以用asynchronous_sink, 后者不会阻塞调用程序,会额外的创建线程去处理log,不过会慢点,内存消耗大点。一般都推荐先用后者。

用keywords构造参数

这里看到一个概念:keywords. 在boost/log/keywords/目录下27个hpp文件:
auto_flush.hpp facility.hpp ident.hpp log_source.hpp open_mode.hpp rotation_size.hpp target.hpp
channel.hpp file_name.hpp ip_version.hpp max_size.hpp order.hpp scan_method.hpp time_based_rotation.hpp
delimiter.hpp filter.hpp iteration.hpp message_file.hpp ordering_window.hpp severity.hpp use_impl.hpp
depth.hpp format.hpp log_name.hpp min_free_space.hpp registration.hpp start_thread.hpp
keywords是boost库的基本概念,设计到一个宏BOOST_PARAMETER_KEYWORD,定义在boost/parameter/keywords.hpp文件中, 主要作用就是在指定的namespace中创建一个singleton的对象。所以上面的几行keywords:: 代码就是给keywords namespace下面的几个singleton对象file_name, rotation, time_based_rotation和min_free_space赋值。关键是要看看下面这个类的构造函数如何使用这些keywords.
sinks::text_file_backend

参考文档:
http://boost-log.sourceforge.net/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/sink_backends.html
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/boost/log/sinks/text_file_backend.html

注意,text_file_backend的构造函数语法上支持变参,但是语义上只支持有限的keywords:
template< typename ArgsT >
void construct(ArgsT const& args)
{
construct(
filesystem::path(args[keywords::file_name | filesystem::path()]),
args[keywords::open_mode | (std::ios_base::trunc | std::ios_base::out)],
args[keywords::rotation_size | (std::numeric_limits< uintmax_t >::max)()],
args[keywords::time_based_rotation | time_based_rotation_predicate()],
args[keywords::auto_flush | false]);
}
文档中也的确如此描述。但是在text_file_backend.hpp文件中发现还是有关于min_free_space的代码:
namespace aux {

//! Creates and returns a file collector with the specified parameters
BOOST_LOG_API shared_ptr< collector > make_collector(
filesystem::path const& target_dir,
uintmax_t max_size,
uintmax_t min_free_space
);
template< typename ArgsT >
inline shared_ptr< collector > make_collector(ArgsT const& args)
{
return aux::make_collector(
filesystem::path(args[keywords::target]),
args[keywords::max_size | (std::numeric_limits< uintmax_t >::max)()],
args[keywords::min_free_space | static_cast< uintmax_t >(0)]);
}

} // namespace aux
所以估计还是可以使用target, max_size 和 min_free_space这些keywords. 以后试了就知道了。
target今天在libs/log/example/rotating_file里面看到target的使用。也就是旋转产生的日志会放到target指定的目录下,下面是例子代码:
// Create a text file sink
typedef sinks::synchronous_sink< sinks::text_file_backend > file_sink;
shared_ptr< file_sink > sink(new file_sink(
keywords::file_name = "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S_%5N.log", // file name pattern
keywords::rotation_size = 16384 // rotation size, in characters
));

// Set up where the rotated files will be stored
sink->locked_backend()->set_file_collector(sinks::file::make_collector(
keywords::target = "logs", // where to store rotated files
keywords::max_size = 16 * 1024 * 1024, // maximum total size of the stored files, in bytes
keywords::min_free_space = 100 * 1024 * 1024 // minimum free space on the drive, in bytes
));

// Upon restart, scan the target directory for files matching the file_name pattern
sink->locked_backend()->scan_for_files();

sink->set_formatter
(
expr::format("%1%: [%2%] - %3%")
% expr::attr< unsigned int >("RecordID")
% expr::attr< boost::posix_time::ptime >("TimeStamp")
% expr::smessage
);

如何在sink中指定格式

下面到了指定日志格式,这个需要在sink中指定,比如:
sink1->set_formatter (
expr::format("[%1%]<%2%>(%3%): %4%")
% expr::format_date_time< boost::posix_time::ptime>("TimeStamp", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
% expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity")
% expr::attr<attrs::current_thread_id::value_type>("ThreadID")
% expr::smessage
);

Boost::Format风格

这里的关键是理解expr::format. 文档在这里:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/expressions.html#log.detailed.expressions.formatters
我使用的是Boost::Format风格。下面这段代码表达了expr可以对某个属性进行有无的判断:
// Setup the common formatter for all sinks
logging::formatter fmt = expr::stream
<< std::setw(6) << std::setfill('0') << line_id << std::setfill(' ')
<< ": <" << severity << ">\t"
<< expr::if_(expr::has_attr(tag_attr))
[
expr::stream << "[" << tag_attr << "] "
]
<< expr::smessage;

attributes

参考文档:http://boost-log.sourceforge.net/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/attributes.html

根据设计,日志记录是由attributes组成的,所以打印内容必须以attribute的方式传给sink对象。
sink1->set_formatter (
expr::format("[%1%]<%2%>(%3%)(%4%): %5%")
% expr::attr<unsigned int>("LineID")
% expr::format_date_time< boost::posix_time::ptime >("TimeStamp", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
% expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity")
% expr::attr<attrs::current_thread_id::value_type >("ThreadID")
% expr::smessage
);
不要忘记添加commont attributes
logging::add_common_attributes();该函数定义在boost/log/utility/setup/common_attributes.hpp文件中, 里面添加了4个属性:
inline void add_common_attributes()
{
shared_ptr< core > pCore = core::get();
pCore->add_global_attribute(
aux::default_attribute_names::line_id(),
attributes::counter< unsigned int >(1));
pCore->add_global_attribute(
aux::default_attribute_names::timestamp(),
attributes::local_clock());
pCore->add_global_attribute(
aux::default_attribute_names::process_id(),
attributes::current_process_id());
#if !defined(BOOST_LOG_NO_THREADS)
pCore->add_global_attribute(
aux::default_attribute_names::thread_id(),
attributes::current_thread_id());
#endif
}

高级使用

Name scope

Name scope也是前面格式的一种解决方案,但是由于它比较复杂,所以单独描述。

stack element

首先了解一下结构体named_scope_entry, 文档在:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/boost/log/attributes/named_scope_entry.html
named_scope_entry包含了scope_name, file_name和 line(源代码行号), 每个stack element 就是一个name_scope_entry对象。

scope stack

scope有很多种,具体参考文档:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scope_(computer_science)
最常见的是函数,此时scope stack就是函数栈。
boost log可以打印scope stack的信息到日志中

named_scope属性

named scope属性可以添加到全局属性中,这是线程相关的。添加属性代码为:
logging::core::get()->add_global_attribute("Scope", attrs::named_scope());参考文档:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/boost/log/attributes/named_scope.html

设置格式

文档:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_54_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/expressions.html#log.detailed.expressions.formatters.named_scope
下面是个简单的例子:
首先设置格式的时候添加一种格式:
% expr::format_named_scope("Scopes", boost::log::keywords::format = "%n (%f : %l)")
然后添加属性:
core->add_global_attribute("Scopes", attrs::named_scope());
之后调用代码中添加一个Bar和Foo函数,此处参考官方文档:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/attributes.html#log.detailed.attributes.named_scope
void Bar() {
int x = 0;
}

void Foo(int n) {
src::severity_logger_mt<sign_severity_level>& lg = my_logger::get();
// Mark the scope of the function foo
BOOST_LOG_FUNCTION();

switch (n)
{
case 0:
{
// Mark the current scope
BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE("case 0");
BOOST_LOG(lg) << "Some log record";
Bar(); // call some function
}
break;

case 1:
{
// Mark the current scope
BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE("case 1");
BOOST_LOG(lg) << "Some log record";
Bar(); // call some function
}
break;

default:
{
// Mark the current scope
BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE("default");
BOOST_LOG(lg) << "Some log record";
Bar(); // call some function
}
break;
}
}
最后在main.cc函数中调用:
Foo(1);
执行结果:
[8]<2014-03-01 23:49:19>(0)(0x00007f21bf00e740)(void Foo(int) (./main.cc : 11)->case 1 (./main.cc : 27)): Some log record

注意,上面的代码中用到两个宏:BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE和BOOST_LOG_FUNCTION。其实就是一个宏,后面的宏只是前面宏的简化版本,可以自动将当前函数作为scope name。定义在/boost/log/attributes/named_scope.hpp文件
/*!
* Macro for function scope markup. The scope name is constructed with help of compiler and contains current function name.
* The scope name is pushed to the end of the current thread scope list.
*
* Not all compilers have support for this macro. The exact form of the scope name may vary from one compiler to another.
*/
#define BOOST_LOG_FUNCTION() BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE(BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION)而BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE宏也在这个文件中定义:
/*!
* Macro for scope markup. The specified scope name is pushed to the end of the current thread scope list.
*/
#define BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE(name)\
BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE_INTERNAL(BOOST_LOG_UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER_NAME(_boost_log_named_scope_sentry_), name, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define BOOST_LOG_NAMED_SCOPE_INTERNAL(var, name, file, line)\
BOOST_LOG_UNUSED_VARIABLE(::boost::log::attributes::named_scope::sentry, var, (name, file, line));
文件/boost/log/utility/unused_variable.hpp中用了GCC编译器指令__attribute__
#if defined(__GNUC__)

//! The macro suppresses compiler warnings for \c var being unused
#define BOOST_LOG_UNUSED_VARIABLE(type, var, initializer) __attribute__((unused)) type var initializer

#else

所以在FOO函数中使用BOOST_LOG_FUNCTION的时候,也就是写下了这行代码:
__attribute__((unused)) ::boost::log::attributes::named_scope::sentry _boost_log_named_scope_sentry_18 (__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, "./main.cc", 18);;
所以可以看到,这里的代码行数是固定的18, 因此如果在记录日志时想要显示代码的行数,写入日志时必须至少两行宏:
BOOST_LOG_FUNCTION 和 BOOST_LOG_SEV宏。

Scoped Attribute

主要文档参考:
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/attributes.html#log.detailed.attributes.related_components

异步日志

如前面所述,一般推荐用异步日志,特别是最近对于高并发处理的服务器来讲,多一点点内存消耗不是问题,关键不能影响程序的正常逻辑的性能。
首先引入头文件:
#include <boost/log/sinks/async_frontend.hpp>
然后就是很简单将sinks::synchronous_sink替换成sinks::asynchronous_sink即可。
但是这里有个副作用,如果你想调试的话,因为异步日志有一定的延迟,尽管用了se_auto_flush(true),也不会立刻看到日志。
还有一些配置,可以参考文档:
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/sink_frontends.html#log.detailed.sink_frontends.async

注意一把推荐使用bounded和unbounded的区别。unbounded策略当日志非常多,backend来不及处理的时候,unbounded内部的队列会变得非常大,如果出现这种情况,请用bounded进行限制。

旋转日志 

其实前面例子代码中已经包含,因为这个比较常用,所以特别再提一下。
下面是每月1日0点生成日志:
boost::shared_ptr<sinks::text_file_backend> backend2 = boost::make_shared<sinks::text_file_backend>(
keywords::file_name = "sign_%Y-%m-%d.%N.csv",
keywords::time_based_rotation = sinks::file::rotation_at_time_point(boost::gregorian::greg_day(1), 0, 0, 0));
gregorian的文档参考:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/doc/html/date_time/gregorian.html

下面是每小时生成日志:sinks::file::rotation_at_time_interval(posix_time::hours(1))参考:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_54_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/sink_backends.html

filter

sink可以设置filter
filter可以过滤日志级别,还可以更多,下面是个例子:
sink1->set_filter(expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity") >= trace);
高级filter的文档在这里:

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/tutorial/advanced_filtering.html

这里sink的filter可以和scope联合使用:
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/example/doc/tutorial_filtering.cpp

sink->set_filter(severity >= warning || (expr::has_attr(tag_attr) && tag_attr == "IMPORTANT_MESSAGE"));

...

{
BOOST_LOG_SCOPED_THREAD_TAG("Tag", "IMPORTANT_MESSAGE");
BOOST_LOG_SEV(slg, normal) << "An important message";
}
sink的filter也可以使用phonex
bool my_filter(logging::value_ref< severity_level, tag::severity > const& level,
logging::value_ref< std::string, tag::tag_attr > const& tag)
{
return level >= warning || tag == "IMPORTANT_MESSAGE";
}

void init()
{
// ...

namespace phoenix = boost::phoenix;
sink->set_filter(phoenix::bind(&my_filter, severity.or_none(), tag_attr.or_none()));

// ...
}

formatter也可以有自己的filter:
logging::formatter fmt = expr::stream
<< std::setw(6) << std::setfill('0') << line_id << std::setfill(' ')
<< ": <" << severity << ">\t"
<< expr::if_(expr::has_attr(tag_attr))
[
expr::stream << "[" << tag_attr << "] "
]
<< expr::smessage;

一个backend输出多个日志文件

参考文档: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/libs/log/doc/html/log/detailed/sink_backends.html#log.detailed.sink_backends.text_multifile

根据attr的值生成多个日志

我希望能够某一个attributes的值进行区分,将一个日志拆分成多个日志。
首先要引入头文件:
#include <boost/log/sinks/text_multifile_backend.hpp>然后下面这段就能够按照日志严重级别产生不同的日志文件:
void InitLog() {
boost::shared_ptr<logging::core> core = logging::core::get();

typedef sinks::synchronous_sink<sinks::text_multifile_backend> TextSink1;

// init sink1
boost::shared_ptr< sinks::text_multifile_backend > backend1 =
boost::make_shared< sinks::text_multifile_backend >();

// Set up the file naming pattern
backend1->set_file_name_composer
(
sinks::file::as_file_name_composer(expr::stream << "logs/" << expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity") << ".log")
);

boost::shared_ptr<TextSink1> sink1(new TextSink1(backend1));
sink1->set_formatter (
expr::format("(%1%)(%2%)(%3%)(%4%)<%5%>: %6%")
% expr::attr<unsigned int>("LineID")
% expr::format_date_time< boost::posix_time::ptime >("TimeStamp", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
% expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity")
% expr::attr<attrs::current_thread_id::value_type>("ThreadID")
% expr::format_named_scope("Scopes", boost::log::keywords::format = "%n (%f : %l)")
% expr::smessage
);
sink1->set_filter(expr::attr<sign_severity_level>("Severity") >= trace);
core->add_sink(sink1);
运行的结果是log目录下出现了下面的日志:
dean@dean-ubuntu:~/work/gitlab_cloud/boost_log/sink/logs$ ls
0.log 1.log 2.log 3.log 4.log 5.log 6.log
但是遗憾的是text_multifil_backend不支持旋转日志等text_file_backend的功能。text_file_backend构造函数支持很多的keywords.
而且请注意,这种机制不能根据smessage里面的字段来拆分日志。如果想要这个,还是需要自己定义sink front-end的过滤器。

和scoped attributed联合使用

参考boost log的例子,boost_1_55_0/libs/log/example/doc/sinks_multifile.cpp文件中有如下代码:
void init_logging()
{
boost::shared_ptr< logging::core > core = logging::core::get();

boost::shared_ptr< sinks::text_multifile_backend > backend =
boost::make_shared< sinks::text_multifile_backend >();

// Set up the file naming pattern
backend->set_file_name_composer
(
sinks::file::as_file_name_composer(expr::stream << "logs/" << expr::attr< std::string >("RequestID") << ".log")
);

// Wrap it into the frontend and register in the core.
// The backend requires synchronization in the frontend.
typedef sinks::synchronous_sink< sinks::text_multifile_backend > sink_t;
boost::shared_ptr< sink_t > sink(new sink_t(backend));

// Set the formatter
sink->set_formatter
(
expr::stream
<< "[RequestID: " << expr::attr< std::string >("RequestID")
<< "] " << expr::smessage
);

core->add_sink(sink);
}
//]

void logging_function()
{
src::logger lg;
BOOST_LOG(lg) << "Hello, world!";
}

int main(int, char*[])
{
init_logging();

{
BOOST_LOG_SCOPED_THREAD_TAG("RequestID", "Request1");
logging_function();
}
{
BOOST_LOG_SCOPED_THREAD_TAG("RequestID", "Request2");
logging_function();
}

return 0;
}
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