引为鉴：云计算产业发展扶持政策盘点

信息时代，新技术创新能力和新产业发展程度成为各国综合实力的衡量标准。同时，新技术和产业的竞争本质是人才的创新。因此，世界各国，尤其是发达国家，都是针对云计算的技术创新、产业发展以及人才保障制定了一系列扶植政策和保障措施。

美国政府支持云计算的策略

美国历届政府始终都将促进IT技术创新和产业发展作为基本国策。近些年，美国政府制定了一系列关于云计算的扶植政策，主要体现在以下几个方面：统一战略计划、明确云计算产品服务标准；加强基础设施建设，制定标准、鼓励创新；加大政府采购，积极培育市场；构建云计算生态系统，推动产业链协调发展。

由当前的现状分析，美国政府将云计算技术和产业定位为维持国家核心竞争力的重要手段之一。美国政府对云计算产业的扶植是采用深度介入的方式，通过强制政府采购和指定技术架构来推进云计算技术进步和产业落地发展。

欧洲支持云计算的策略

2012年9月27日，欧盟委员会宣布启动一项旨在进一步开发欧洲云计算潜力的战略计划，旨在扩大云计算技术在经济领域的应用，从而创造大量的就业机会。

欧盟委员会的云计算战略计划中的政策措施包括：筛选众多技术标准，使云计算用户在互操作性、数据的便携性和可逆性方面得到保证，到2013年确定上述领域的必要标准；支持在欧盟范围内开展“可信赖云服务提供商”的认证计划；为云计算服务，特别是服务的SLA制定安全和公平的标准规范；利用公共部门的购买力(占全部IT支出的20%)来建立欧盟成员国与相关企业欧洲云计算业务之间的合作伙伴关系，确立欧洲云计算市场，促使欧洲云服务提供商扩大业务范围并提供性价比高的在线管理服务。

欧盟委员会制定的云计算战略计划的目标是：到2020年，云计算能够在欧洲创造250万个新就业岗位，年均产值1600亿欧元，达到欧盟国民生产总值的1%。

由当前的现状分析，欧盟也对云计算技术高度重视，但是相比美国，欧盟是一个相对松散的政治联合体，其对云计算的扶植政策发布较晚，但是也采用了政府采购等深入介入的形式推动云计算发展。

日韩扶植云计算的政策

2010年8月16日，日本经济产业省发布的《云计算与日本竞争力研究》报告指出：政府、用户和云服务提供商(数据中心，IT厂商等)应利用日本的优势，如在IT方面的技术优势，并通过分析云计算的全球发展趋势，解决云计算演进和发展过程中的挑战和关键问题，构建一个云计算产业发展的良好环境。通过开创基于云计算的服务开拓全球市场，在2020年前培养出累计规模超过40万亿日元的新市场。

2011年9月，韩国政府制定了《云计算全面振兴计划》，其核心是政府率先引进并提供云计算服务，为云计算开发国内需求。韩国通信委员会(KCC)报告指出：2010-2012年间，韩国政府投入4158亿韩元预算来构建通用云计算基础设施，将电子政务中使用的1970台利用率低下的服务器虚拟化，逐步置换成高性能服务器，并根据系统服务器资源使用量实现服务器资源的动态分配。

因此，由现状的现状分析，日韩希望借助云计算技术和产业发展实现信息与通信技术的复兴和发展。这是因为日韩的3G渗透率很高，宽带网络等信息技术基础设施条件好，移动互联网应用等增值产业发展很好，国民经济对信息技术依赖度很高，所以其主要采用产业政策引导，国家投资和私人资本结合的形式推动云计算产业发展。

中国支持云计算的政策

云计算是全球不可逆转的一个趋势，是新一代信息技术的重要发展方向，被视为中国新一代信息技术实现创新突破、跨越式发展的战略机遇。

2010年10月，国务院发布《国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》，将云计算列为战略性新兴产业之一。

2012年5月，工业和信息化部发布《通信业“十二五”发展规划》，将云计算定位为构建国家级信息基础设施、实现融合创新、促进节能减排的关键技术和重点发展方向。

2012年5月，工业和信息化部发布《互联网行业“十二五”发展规划》，提出推动云计算服务商业化发展，构建公共云计算服务平台，并专门设立云计算应用示范工程。

2012年5月，工业和信息化部发布《软件和信息技术服务业“十二五”发展规划》，将“云计算创新发展工程”列为八个重大工程之一，强调以加快中国云计算服务产业化为主线，坚持以服务创新拉动技术创新，以示范应用带动能力提升，推动云计算服务模式发展。

2012年7月9日，国务院发布了《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》，将云计算作为新一代信息技术产业的重要发展方向和新兴业态加以扶持，并将物联网和云计算工程作为中国“十二五”发展的二十项重点工程之一。

2012年9月，科技部发布《中国云科技发展“十二五”专项规划》，这是中国首个部级云计算专项规划，对于加快云计算技术创新和产业发展具有重要意义。

然而，中国的云计算现在更多地停留在部门级水平，可以纳入专项规划(科技规划活产业规划)，但尚未纳入国家级战略规划。
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