《Oracle从入门到精通》读书笔记第七章 管理控制文件和日志文件之一

7.1.1 控制文件概述数据库名称和SID标识数据库创建的时间戳当前重做日志文件序列号检查点信息备份数据文件信息如何对控制文件进行日常管理：如果数据库的物理组成发生了变化，建议用户及时备份控制文件方法有：多路复用控制文件和备份控制文件7.1.2 控制文件的多路复用初始化参数control_files列出了当前数据库的所有控制文件名，oracle将根据control_files参数中的信息同时修改所有的控制文件，但只读取其中的第一个控制文件中的信息。实现控制文件的多路复用主要包括更改control_files参数和复制控制文件两个步骤。在spfile文件中，control_files参数用于设置数据库的控制文件路径和文件名。（1）查看控制文件
SQL> col status for a10SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME IS_RECOVE BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS---------- ------------------------------ --------- ---------- -------------- /home/oracle/control03.ctl NO 16384 594SQL> col value for a30;
（2）更改control_files参数

手动创建控制文件使用create controlfile语句create controlfilelogfilegroup 2 redofiles_list2...datafiledatafile2...maxlogmembers max_value2maxdatafiles max_value4archivelog|noarchivelog;db_name:数据库名称，通常是orcl；datafile：数据文件路径max_value2:最大的重做日志组成员数，这是一个永久性参数max_value4:最大数据文件数，这是一个永久性参数
1、查看数据文件和重做日志文件SQL> col member for a50;SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER--------------------------------------------------/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo03.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo02.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo01.log在数据字典视图v$datafile中查看数据文件：
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME--------------------------------------------------/home/oracle/control03.ctl2、关闭数据库
用户需要在操作系统下备份所有的数据文件和重做日志文件，因为在使用create controlfile语句创建新的控制文件时，如果操作不当可能会损坏数据文件和日志文件。4、启动数据库实例
执行create controlfile命令创建一个新的控制文件。6、编辑参数
SQL> alter database open;SQL> alter database open resetlogs;7.1.4 备份和恢复控制文件1、备份控制文件（1）备份为二进制文件需要使用'alter database backup controlfile'语句
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.所创建的文件称为跟踪文件，实际上是一个SQL脚本，可以利用它来“重新创建”新的控制文件。跟踪文件的存放位置由SPFILE文件中的USER_DUMP_DEST参数来决定。2、恢复控制文件操作步骤如下：b、复制这个损坏文件对应的一个多路复用文件，覆盖掉原来目录下的损坏文件
操作步骤如下：b、编辑初始化参数CONTROL_FILES，添加一个新的控制文件的位置
操作步骤：（2）编辑初始化参数CONTROL_FILES，清除掉打算要删除的控制文件的名称
与控制文件相关的常用数据字典视图：SQL> select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID-------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------DATABASE 316 1 1 0 0 0CKPT PROGRESS 8180 11 0 0 0 0REDO THREAD 256 8 1 0 0 0REDO LOG 72 16 3 0 0 3DATAFILE 520 100 5 0 0 36FILENAME 524 2298 9 0 0 0TABLESPACE 68 100 6 0 0 2TEMPORARY FILENAME 56 100 1 0 0 1RMAN CONFIGURATION 1108 50 0 0 0 0LOG HISTORY 56 292 17 1 17 17OFFLINE RANGE 200 163 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID-------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------ARCHIVED LOG 584 28 0 0 0 0BACKUP SET 40 409 0 0 0 0BACKUP PIECE 736 200 0 0 0 0BACKUP DATAFILE 200 245 0 0 0 0BACKUP REDOLOG 76 215 0 0 0 0DATAFILE COPY 736 200 2 1 2 2BACKUP CORRUPTION 44 371 0 0 0 0COPY CORRUPTION 40 409 0 0 0 0DELETED OBJECT 20 818 1 1 1 1PROXY COPY 928 246 0 0 0 0BACKUP SPFILE 124 131 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID-------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------DATABASE INCARNATION 56 292 2 1 2 2FLASHBACK LOG 84 2048 0 0 0 0RECOVERY DESTINATION 180 1 0 0 0 0INSTANCE SPACE RESER 28 1055 1 0 0 0VATION
REMOVABLE RECOVERY F 32 1000 0 0 0 0ILES
RMAN STATUS 116 141 0 0 0 0THREAD INSTANCE NAME 80 8 8 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID-------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- MAPPING
MTTR 100 8 1 0 0 0DATAFILE HISTORY 568 57 0 0 0 0STANDBY DATABASE MAT 400 31 31 0 0 0RIX
GUARANTEED RESTORE P 212 2048 0 0 0 0OINT
RESTORE POINT 212 2083 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID-------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------DATABASE BLOCK CORRU 80 8384 0 0 0 0PTION
ACM OPERATION 104 64 6 0 0 0FOREIGN ARCHIVED LOG 604 1002 0 0 0 0
37 rows selected.
1、查看控制文件相关信息
SQL> host strings /home/oracle/control03.ctl | more}|{zSTONE11STONE11STONE1stone1stone1/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo03.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo02.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo01.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/users01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/undotbs01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/sysaux01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/system01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/temp01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/example01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo03.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo02.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/redo01.log/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/users01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/undotbs01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/sysaux01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/system01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/temp01.dbf/ora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/example01.dbfSYSTEMSYSAUXUNDOTBS1USERSTEMPEXAMPLESYSTEMSYSAUXUNDOTBS1USERSTEMPEXAMPLEora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/example01.dbfora/app/oracle/oradata/stone1/example01.dbfTAG20131212T153951/home/oracle/control03.ctl.bkpstone1HbE#vstone1HbE#vstone1Hl8pUNNAMED_INSTANCE_2UNNAMED_INSTANCE_3UNNAMED_INSTANCE_4UNNAMED_INSTANCE_5UNNAMED_INSTANCE_6UNNAMED_INSTANCE_7UNNAMED_INSTANCE_8stone1Hl8pUNNAMED_INSTANCE_2UNNAMED_INSTANCE_3UNNAMED_INSTANCE_4UNNAMED_INSTANCE_5UNNAMED_INSTANCE_6UNNAMED_INSTANCE_7UNNAMED_INSTANCE_8ACM unit testing operationLSB Database GuardSupplemental Log Data DDLLSB Role Change SupportRFS block and kill across RACRAC-wide SGAACM unit testing operationLSB Database GuardSupplemental Log Data DDLLSB Role Change SupportRFS block and kill across RACRAC-wide SGA3、备份控制文件到文本文件（查看控制文件具体内容）SQL host strings /home/oracle/control03.ctl ctltxt
()level--level1 查看路径中最新的文件[oracle@localhost ~]$ more /ora/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/stone1/stone1/trace/stone1_vktm_9455.trcTrace file /ora/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/stone1/stone1/trace/stone1_vktm_9455.trcOracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsORACLE_HOME = /ora/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1System name: LinuxNode name: localhost.localdomainRelease: 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64Version: #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011Machine: x86_64Instance name: stone1Redo thread mounted by this instance: 0 Oracle process number: 3Unix process pid: 9455, image: oracle@localhost.localdomain (VKTM)

*** 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692*** SESSION ID:(3.1) 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692*** CLIENT ID:() 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692*** SERVICE NAME:() 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692*** MODULE NAME:() 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692*** ACTION NAME:() 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692
kstmmainvktm: succeeded in setting elevated prioritykstmmainvktm:enabled, highres_enabled, sectick_enabled
*** 2013-12-12 11:38:55.692VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms[Start] HighResTick = 1386819535692319kstmrmtickcnt = 0 : ksudbrmseccnt[0] = 1386819535kstmchkdrift (kstmhighrestimecntkeeper:highres): Time jumped forward by (8296411)microsecs at 1386828388736971
*** 2013-12-12 14:06:28.738kstmchkdrift (kstmhighrestimecntkeeper:lowres): Time jumped forward by (8000000)microsecs at 1386828388[End] HighResTick = 1386829513745398
*** 2013-12-12 14:25:13.756kstmrmtickcnt = 92460 : ksudbrmseccnt[9909] = 1386829513<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; "text-indent: 0px"> 本文出自 “石头记” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://stonebox.blog.51cto.com/5409313/1357204