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oracle行转列和列转行

2014-01-28 10:09 387 查看
目录[-]

一、行转列

1.1、初始测试数据

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

1.3、延伸

二、列转行

1.1、初始测试数据

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

一、行转列

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构:TEST_TB_GRADE

Sql代码:

create table TEST_TB_GRADE
(
ID        NUMBER(10) not null,
USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
SCORE     FLOAT
)


初始数据如下图:





1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:





这就是最常见的行转列,主要原理是利用decode函数、聚集函数(sum),结合group by分组实现的,具体的sql如下:

Sql代码:

select t.user_name,
sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE,
sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH,
sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH
from test_tb_grade t
group by t.user_name
order by t.user_name


1.3、延伸

如果要实现对各门功课的不同分数段进行统计,效果图如下:





具体的实现sql如下:
Sql代码:

select t2.SCORE_GP,
sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE,
sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH,
sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH
from (
select t.course,
case when t.score  <60 then '00-60'
when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80'
when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP,
count(t.score) as COUNTNUM
FROM test_tb_grade t
group by t.course,
case when t.score  <60  then '00-60'
when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80'
when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end
order by t.course ) t2
group by t2.SCORE_GP
order by t2.SCORE_GP


二、列转行

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构: TEST_TB_GRADE2
Sql代码:

create table TEST_TB_GRADE2
(
ID         NUMBER(10) not null,
USER_NAME  VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
CN_SCORE   FLOAT,
MATH_SCORE FLOAT,
EN_SCORE   FLOAT
)


初始数据如下图:





1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:





这就是最常见的列转行,主要原理是利用SQL里面的union,具体的sql语句如下:
Sql代码:

select user_name, 'CN_SCORE' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union
select user_name, 'MATH_SCORE' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union
select user_name, 'EN_SCORE' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
order by user_name,COURSE


也可以利用【insert all into ... select】来实现,首先需要先建一个表TEST_TB_GRADE3:

Sql代码:

create table TEST_TB_GRADE3
(
USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
SCORE     FLOAT
)


再执行下面的sql:
Sql代码:

insert all
into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE)
into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE)
into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE)
select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2;
commit;


别忘记commit操作,然后再查询TEST_TB_GRADE3,发现表中的数据就是列转成行了。

转自:http://my.oschina.net/i33/blog/138051
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