Firebird的SQL语法

一、分页：

  SELECT FIRST 10 templateid,code,name FROM template ;

  SELECT FIRST 10 SKIP 10 templateid,code,name FROM template ;

  SELECT * FROM shop ROWS 1 TO 10;  --firebird2.0支持这种写法

 

二、显示表名和表结构

　　SHOW TABLES;

     SHOW TABLE tablename;

 

三、使用ISQL连接数据库

  firebird%92bin>isql -u sysdba -p masterkey

  SQL>CONNECT 'E:companyxmwsoftnewxmwsoftc2dbcts2.fdb';

  或

  SQL>CONNECT 'E:%92'

  CON>USER 'sysdba'

  CONT>PASSWORD 'masterkey';

 

四、更新字段注释

  UPDATE RDB$RELATION_FIELDS

  SET RDB$DESCRIPTION = '描述信息'

  WHERE (RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'SHOP')

    AND (RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'CREDIT_BUY')

 

五、显示字段注释

  SELECT RDB$FIELD_NAME,RDB$DESCRIPTION

  FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS

  WHERE (RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'SHOP')

    AND (DB$FIELD_NAME = 'CREDIT_BUY')

 

六、更新表注释

  UPDATE RDB$RELATIONS

  SET RDB$DESCRIPTION = '描述信息'

  WHERE RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'TABLE_NAME';

 

七、查询所有的表和视图（包括系统表和系统视图）

  SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME

  FROM RDB$RELATIONS;

 

八、查询所有的用户表和用户视图

  SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME

  FROM RDB$RELATIONS

  WHERE RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG = 0;

 

九、查询所有的用户表

  SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME

  FROM RDB$RELATIONS

  WHERE RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG = 0

    AND RDB$VIEW_BLR IS NULL;

 

十、查所有用户表、用户视图所有字段及相关定义

  SELECT

    a.RDB$RELATION_NAME,

    b.RDB$FIELD_NAME,

    b.RDB$FIELD_ID,

    d.RDB$TYPE_NAME,

    c.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH,

    c.RDB$FIELD_SCALE

  FROM RDB$RELATIONS a

    INNER JOIN RDB$RELATION_FIELDS b

      ON a.RDB$RELATION_NAME = b.RDB$RELATION_NAME

    INNER JOIN RDB$FIELDS c

      ON b.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE = c.RDB$FIELD_NAME

    INNER JOIN RDB$TYPES d

      ON c.RDB$FIELD_TYPE = d.RDB$TYPE

  WHERE a.RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG = 0

    AND d.RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'RDB$FIELD_TYPE'

  ORDER BY a.RDB$RELATION_NAME, b.RDB$FIELD_ID;

 

十一、查找某表的所有字段及相关定义

  SELECT

    A.RDB$FIELD_NAME,

    B.RDB$FIELD_TYPE,

    B.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH,

    B.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION,

    B.RDB$FIELD_SCALE

  FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS A, RDB$FIELDS B

  WHERE A.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'tablename'

    AND A.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE = B.RDB$FIELD_NAME

  ORDER BY A.RDB$FIELD_POSITION;

 

十二、查找某表的主键定义字段

  SELECT A.RDB$FIELD_NAME

  FROM RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS A, RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS B

  WHERE B.RDB$CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'

    AND B.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'tablename'

    AND A.RDB$INDEX_NAME = B.RDB$INDEX_NAME

  ORDER BY A.RDB$FIELD_POSITION;

 

十三、查找某表的外键定义 

  SELECT

    r1.RDB$CONSTRAINT_NAME,

    rind.RDB$FIELD_NAME,

    r2.RDB$RELATION_NAME

  FROM

    RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS r1,

    RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS r2,

    RDB$REF_CONSTRAINTS ref,

    RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS rind

  WHERE r1.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'tablename'

    AND r1.RDB$CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

    AND r1.RDB$CONSTRAINT_NAME = ref.RDB$CONSTRAINT_NAME

    AND ref.RDB$CONST_NAME_UQ = r2.RDB$CONSTRAINT_NAME

    AND r1.RDB$INDEX_NAME = rind.RDB$INDEX_NAME;

 

--得到数据库的所有者名称 SELECT distinct RDB$OWNER_NAME AS DATABASE_OWNER FROM RDB$RELATIONS WHERE (RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG = 1); --根据表名得到表的主键 SELECT RC.RDB$CONSTRAINT_NAME AS CONSTRAINT_NAME, I.RDB$RELATION_NAME AS TABLE_NAME, S.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS COLUMN_NAME FROM RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS RC LEFT JOIN RDB$INDICES I ON    (I.RDB$INDEX_NAME = RC.RDB$INDEX_NAME) LEFT JOIN RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS S ON    (S.RDB$INDEX_NAME = I.RDB$INDEX_NAME) WHERE (RC.RDB$CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY') AND (I.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'COUNTRY') ---根据表名得到其相关的依赖. SELECT RDB$DEPENDENT_NAME AS DEPENDENT_NAME, RDB$DEPENDED_ON_NAME AS DEPENDS_ON, RDB$FIELD_NAME AS FIELD_NAME, RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE DEPENDENT_TYPE,    CASE     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 0 THEN 'TABLE'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 1 THEN 'VIEW'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 2 THEN 'TRIGGER'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 3 THEN 'COMPUTED'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 4 THEN 'VALIDATION'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 5 THEN 'PROCEDURE'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 6 THEN 'expression_r_INDEX'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 7 THEN 'EXCEPTION'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 8 THEN 'USER'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 9 THEN 'FIELD'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 10 THEN 'INDEX'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDENT_TYPE = 14 THEN 'GENERATOR'     ELSE 'UNKNOWN'     END AS DEPENDENT_TYPE_STR,    RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE AS DEPEND_ON_TYPE,    CASE     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 0 THEN 'TABLE'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 1 THEN 'VIEW'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 2 THEN 'TRIGGER'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 3 THEN 'COMPUTED'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 4 THEN 'VALIDATION'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 5 THEN 'PROCEDURE'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 6 THEN 'expression_r_INDEX'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 7 THEN 'EXCEPTION'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 8 THEN 'USER'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 9 THEN 'FIELD'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 10 THEN 'INDEX'     WHEN RDB$DEPENDED_ON_TYPE = 14 THEN 'GENERATOR'     ELSE 'UNKNOWN'     END AS DEPENDS_ON_TYPE_STR FROM RDB$DEPENDENCIES WHERE RDB$DEPENDED_ON_NAME='JOB' ORDER BY RDB$DEPENDENT_NAME --根据索引名得到表名和与及其索引相关的列 SELECT I.RDB$RELATION_NAME AS TABLENAME, S.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS FIELDNAME FROM RDB$INDICES I LEFT JOIN RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS S ON    (S.RDB$INDEX_NAME = I.RDB$INDEX_NAME) WHERE (I.RDB$INDEX_NAME = 'NAMEX'); --根据表名得到其上所有的索引 SELECT I.RDB$INDEX_NAME AS FKINDEXNAME, I.RDB$RELATION_NAME AS TABLENAME, S.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS FIELDNAME FROM RDB$INDICES I LEFT JOIN RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS S ON (S.RDB$INDEX_NAME = I.RDB$INDEX_NAME) WHERE I.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'CUSTOMER' AND (NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1    FROM RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS R WHERE R.RDB$INDEX_NAME = I.RDB$INDEX_NAME)) --得到所有的用户表 SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME AS TABLE_NAME FROM RDB$RELATIONS WHERE RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG = 0 AND RDB$VIEW_SOURCE IS NULL; --根据表名与字段得到索引 SELECT I.RDB$INDEX_NAME AS FKINDEXNAME, I.RDB$RELATION_NAME AS TABLENAME, S.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS FIELDNAME FROM RDB$INDICES I LEFT JOIN RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS S ON (S.RDB$INDEX_NAME = I.RDB$INDEX_NAME) WHERE I.RDB$FOREIGN_KEY IS NOT NULL AND I.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'CUSTOMER' AND S.RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'COUNTRY'; --根据表名得到列信息 SELECT RF.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS FieldName, T.RDB$TYPE_NAME AS DataType, F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH AS FieldLength, RF.RDB$NULL_FLAG AS AllowNulls, CS.RDB$DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME AS CharacterSet, RF.RDB$DEFAULT_SOURCE AS Defaultvalue, F.RDB$COMPUTED_SOURCE AS ComputedSource, F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE AS SubType, F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION AS FieldPrecision FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS RF LEFT JOIN RDB$FIELDS F ON (F.RDB$FIELD_NAME = RF.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE) LEFT JOIN RDB$TYPES T ON (T.RDB$TYPE = F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE) LEFT JOIN RDB$CHARACTER_SETS CS ON (CS.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID) WHERE RF.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'EMPLOYEE' AND T.RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'RDB$FIELD_TYPE' ORDER 4000 BY RF.RDB$FIELD_POSITION; --检测一个列是否存在,结果为1存在,不为1不存在 SELECT COUNT(RF.RDB$FIELD_NAME) FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS RF LEFT JOIN RDB$FIELDS F ON (F.RDB$FIELD_NAME = RF.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE) LEFT JOIN RDB$TYPES T ON (T.RDB$TYPE = F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE) WHERE RF.RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'EMPLOYEE' AND T.RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'RDB$FIELD_TYPE' AND RF.RDB$FIELD_NAME = 'EMP_NO' --检测一个表是否存在 SELECT COUNT(RDB$RELATION_NAME)    FROM RDB$RELATIONS    WHERE (RDB$RELATION_NAME = 'CUSTOMER')     AND RDB$VIEW_SOURCE IS NULL; --得到数据库中所有的视图 SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME FROM RDB$RELATIONS WHERE RDB$FLAGS = 1 AND RDB$VIEW_SOURCE IS NOT NULL; --得到所有的系统表 SELECT RDB$RELATION_NAME FROM RDB$RELATIONS WHERE (RDB$FLAGS = 0 OR RDB$FLAGS IS NULL) AND RDB$VIEW_SOURCE IS NULL;