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oracle over (partition by )用法 .

2014-01-24 09:28 260 查看
oracle的分析函数over 及开窗函数
 
eg:  相关解析:
表t_pi_part 
字段  id  code   name
value 1  222     a
value 2  222     b
value 3 333     c
给code相同的part code 添加行标,根据id 排序
 
select p.* ,row_number()over(partition by p.code order order by a.id desc) as row_index from t_pi_part p;
 
 
 
一:分析函数over

Oracle
从8.1.6开始提供分析函数,分析函数用于计算基于组的某种聚合值,它和聚合函数的不同之处是

对于每个组返回多行,而聚合函数对于每个组只返回一行。

下面通过几个例子来说明其应用。                                       
1:统计某商店的营业额。        
     date       sale

     1           20

     2           15

     3           14

     4           18

     5           30

    规则:按天统计:每天都统计前面几天的总额

    得到的结果:

    DATE   SALE       SUM

    ----- -------- ------

    1      20        20           --1天           

    2      15        35           --1天+2天           

    3      14        49           --1天+2天+3天           

    4      18        67            .          

    5      30        97            .

     

2:统计各班成绩第一名的同学信息
    NAME   CLASS S                         

    ----- ----- ----------------------

    fda    1      80                     

    ffd    1      78                     

    dss    1      95                     

    cfe    2      74                     

    gds    2      92                     

    gf     3      99                     

    ddd    3      99                     

    adf    3      45                     

    asdf   3      55                     

    3dd    3      78              

   

    通过:   

    --

    select * from                                                                       

    (                                                                            

    select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2

    )                                                                            

    where mm=1

    --

    得到结果:

    NAME   CLASS S                       MM                                                                                        

    ----- ----- ---------------------- ----------------------

    dss    1      95                      1                      

    gds    2      92                      1                      

    gf     3      99                      1                      

    ddd    3      99                      1          

   

    注意:

    1.在求第一名成绩的时候,不能用row_number(),因为如果同班有两个并列第一,row_number()只返回一个结果          

    2.rank()和dense_rank()的区别是:

      --rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名

      --dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名

     

     

3.分类统计 (并显示信息)
    A   B   C                      

    -- -- ----------------------

    m   a   2                      

    n   a   3                      

    m   a   2                      

    n   b   2                      

    n   b   1                      

    x   b   3                      

    x   b   2                      

    x   b   4                      

    h   b   3
   select a,c,sum(c)over(partition by a) from t2                

   得到结果:

   A   B   C        SUM(C)OVER(PARTITIONBYA)      

   -- -- ------- ------------------------

   h   b   3        3                        

   m   a   2        4                        

   m   a   2        4                        

   n   a   3        6                        

   n   b   2        6                        

   n   b   1        6                        

   x   b   3        9                        

   x   b   2        9                        

   x   b   4        9                        

  

   如果用sum,group by 则只能得到

   A   SUM(C)                            

   -- ----------------------

   h   3                      

   m   4                      

   n   6                      

   x   9                      

   无法得到B列值       

  

=====

select * from test

数据:

A B C

1 1 1

1 2 2

1 3 3

2 2 5

3 4 6

---将B栏位值相同的对应的C 栏位值加总

select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY B) C_Sum

from test

A B C C_SUM

1 1 1 1

1 2 2 7

2 2 5 7

1 3 3 3

3 4 6 6

---如果不需要已某个栏位的值分割,那就要用 null

eg: 就是将C的栏位值summary 放在每行后面

select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY null) C_Sum

from test

A B C C_SUM

1 1 1 17

1 2 2 17

1 3 3 17

2 2 5 17

3 4 6 17

 

求个人工资占部门工资的百分比

SQL> select * from salary;

NAME DEPT SAL

---------- ---- -----

a 10 2000

b 10 3000

c 10 5000

d 20 4000

SQL> select name,dept,sal,sal*100/sum(sal) over(partition by dept) percent from salary;

NAME DEPT SAL PERCENT

---------- ---- ----- ----------

a 10 2000 20

b 10 3000 30

c 10 5000 50

d 20 4000 100

二:开窗函数           

      开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下:

1:     

   over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数

   over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区

2:

  over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following)

   每行对应的数据窗口是之前行幅度值不超过5,之后行幅度值不超过5

   例如:对于以下列

     aa

     1

     2

     2

     2

     3

     4

     5

     6

     7

     9

   

   sum(aa)over(order by aa range between 2 preceding and 2 following)

   得出的结果是

            AA                       SUM

            ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------

            1                       10                                                      

            2                       14                                                      

            2                       14                                                      

            2                       14                                                      

            3                       18                                                      

            4                       18                                                      

            5                       22                                                      

            6                       18                                                                

            7                       22                                                                

            9                       9                                                                 

             

   就是说,对于aa=5的一行 ,sum为   5-1<=aa<=5+2 的和

   对于aa=2来说 ,sum=1+2+2+2+3+4=14     ;

   又如 对于aa=9 ,9-1<=aa<=9+2 只有9一个数,所以sum=9    ;

              

3:其它:

     over(order by salary rows between 2 preceding and 4 following)

          每行对应的数据窗口是之前2行,之后4行

4:下面三条语句等效:           

     over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)

          每行对应的数据窗口是从第一行到最后一行,等效:

     over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)

           等效

     over(partition by null)

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