利用WinDbg找出程序崩溃的代码行号

之前碰到论坛里有几个好友，说程序不时的崩溃，什么xxoo不能read的！

如果光要是这个内存地址，估计你会疯掉~~

所以分享一下基本的调试技巧，需要准备的工具有WinDbg + VC6.0，

下面是自己整理的一份自动生成DUMP文件的源代码，只需要添加到工程即可，源代码如下：

MiniDump.h

MiniDump.cpp

<具体请参考附件SRC中，太大就不贴了>

1、在CXXDlg::OnInitDialog()中添加这样一段：

BOOL CTestDlg::OnInitDialog()

{

CDialog::OnInitDialog();

// ......

SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(CrashReportEx);

HMODULE hKernel32;

// Try to get MiniDumpWriteDump() address.

hDbgHelp = LoadLibrary("DBGHELP.DLL");

MiniDumpWriteDump_ = (MINIDUMP_WRITE_DUMP)GetProcAddress(hDbgHelp, "MiniDumpWriteDump");

// d("hDbgHelp=%X, MiniDumpWriteDump_=%X", hDbgHelp, MiniDumpWriteDump_);

// Try to get Tool Help library functions.

hKernel32 = GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32");

CreateToolhelp32Snapshot_ = (CREATE_TOOL_HELP32_SNAPSHOT)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "CreateToolhelp32Snapshot");

Module32First_ = (MODULE32_FIRST)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "Module32First");

Module32Next_ = (MODULE32_NEST)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "Module32Next");

}

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下面是工程中的测试代码：

class CTestDlg : public CDialog

{

// Construction

public:

CTestDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor

void Fun1(char *pszBuffer);

void Fun2(char *pszBuffer);

void Fun3(char *pszBuffer);

};

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void CTestDlg::Fun1(char *pszBuffer)

{

Fun2(pszBuffer);

}

void CTestDlg::Fun2(char *pszBuffer)

{

Fun3(pszBuffer);

}

void CTestDlg::Fun3(char *pszBuffer)

{

pszBuffer[1] = 0x00;

}

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我们在双击确定按钮时的响应代码如下：

void CTestDlg::OnOK()

{

// TODO: Add extra validation here

Fun1(NULL);

}

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2、设置VC编译选项，勾选生成MAP和Debug Info、Progma Datebase:

3、将编译生成的Release目录中的pdb、map文件保存起来，以后调试会用到：

4、运行程序，单击确定按钮出现异常后自动重启，并创建一个Log文件夹，里面生成dump文件:

5、我们打开WinDbg，设置一下相关路径

A、设置pdb路径（File \ Symbol File Path）

B、设置源代码路径( File \ Source File Path )

C、设置Exe路径( File \ Image File Path )

6、用WiinDbg打开dump文件（File \ Open Crash Dump）

7、输入命令!analyze -v，等待几秒后会打印出错误信息，函数调用栈如下图：

Microsoft (R) Windows Debugger Version 6.11.0001.404 X86

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Loading Dump File [C:\Test\Release\Log\2012-05-29 160059.dmp]

User Mini Dump File: Only registers, stack and portions of memory are available

Symbol search path is: C:\Test\Release

Executable search path is: C:\Test\Release

Windows XP Version 2600 (Service Pack 3) MP (4 procs) Free x86 compatible

Product: WinNt, suite: SingleUserTS

Machine Name:

Debug session time: Tue May 29 16:00:59.000 2012 (GMT+8)

System Uptime: not available

Process Uptime: 0 days 0:00:01.000

...................................

This dump file has an exception of interest stored in it.

The stored exception information can be accessed via .ecxr.

(1710.1450): Access violation - code c0000005 (first/second chance not available)

eax=00a80000 ebx=00157ea8 ecx=00000007 edx=7c92e514 esi=00157e80 edi=00157ed8

eip=7c92e514 esp=0012e830 ebp=0012e840 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc

cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for ntdll.dll -

ntdll!KiFastSystemCallRet:

7c92e514 c3 ret

0:000> !analyze -v

*******************************************************************************

* *

* Exception Analysis *

* *

*******************************************************************************

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for mfc42.dll -

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for user32.dll -

***** OS symbols are WRONG. Please fix symbols to do analysis.

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for kernel32.dll -

*************************************************************************

*** ***

*** ***

*** Your debugger is not using the correct symbols ***

*** ***

*** In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path ***

*** must point to .pdb files that have full type information. ***

*** ***

*** Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not ***

*** contain the required information. Contact the group that ***

*** provided you with these symbols if you need this command to ***

*** work. ***

*** ***

*** Type referenced: IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 ***

*** ***

*************************************************************************

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for ole32.dll -

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for advapi32.dll -

*************************************************************************

*** ***

*** ***

*** Your debugger is not using the correct symbols ***

*** ***

*** In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path ***

*** must point to .pdb files that have full type information. ***

*** ***

*** Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not ***

*** contain the required information. Contact the group that ***

*** provided you with these symbols if you need this command to ***

*** work. ***

*** ***

*** Type referenced: kernel32!pNlsUserInfo ***

*** ***

*************************************************************************

*************************************************************************

*** ***

*** ***

*** Your debugger is not using the correct symbols ***

*** ***

*** In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path ***

*** must point to .pdb files that have full type information. ***

*** ***

*** Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not ***

*** contain the required information. Contact the group that ***

*** provided you with these symbols if you need this command to ***

*** work. ***

*** ***

*** Type referenced: kernel32!pNlsUserInfo ***

*** ***

*************************************************************************

FAULTING_IP:

Test!CTestDlg::Fun3+6 [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 141]

00401ca6 c6400100 mov byte ptr [eax+1],0

EXCEPTION_RECORD: ffffffff -- (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)

ExceptionAddress: 00401ca6 (Test!CTestDlg::Fun3+0x00000006)

ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)

ExceptionFlags: 00000000

NumberParameters: 2

Parameter[0]: 00000001

Parameter[1]: 00000001

Attempt to write to address 00000001

PROCESS_NAME: Test.exe

ADDITIONAL_DEBUG_TEXT:

Use '!findthebuild' command to search for the target build information.

If the build information is available, run '!findthebuild -s ; .reload' to set symbol path and load symbols.

MODULE_NAME: Test

FAULTING_MODULE: 7c920000 ntdll

DEBUG_FLR_IMAGE_TIMESTAMP: 4fc48236

ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000005 - "0x%08lx"

EXCEPTION_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000005 - "0x%08lx"

EXCEPTION_PARAMETER1: 00000001

EXCEPTION_PARAMETER2: 00000001

WRITE_ADDRESS: 00000001

FOLLOWUP_IP:

Test!CTestDlg::Fun3+6 [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 141]

00401ca6 c6400100 mov byte ptr [eax+1],0

FAULTING_THREAD: 00001450

BUGCHECK_STR: APPLICATION_FAULT_NULL_CLASS_PTR_DEREFERENCE_INVALID_POINTER_WRITE_WRONG_SYMBOLS

PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS: NULL_CLASS_PTR_DEREFERENCE

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: NULL_CLASS_PTR_DEREFERENCE

LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER: from 00401c9c to 00401ca6

STACK_TEXT:

0012f89c 00401c9c 00000000 0012f8b4 00401c8c Test!CTestDlg::Fun3+0x6 [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 141]

0012f8a8 00401c8c 00000000 0012f8cc 00401f27 Test!CTestDlg::Fun2+0xc [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 137]

0012f8b4 00401f27 00000000 73d323eb 73dcf07c Test!CTestDlg::Fun1+0xc [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 132]

0012f8bc 73d323eb 73dcf07c 00000111 0012f8fc Test!CTestDlg::OnOK+0x7 [C:\Test\TestDlg.cpp @ 242]

WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong.

0012f8cc 73d322fd 0012fe94 00000001 00000000 mfc42!Ordinal567+0xa2

0012f8fc 73d976e5 00000001 00000000 00000000 mfc42!Ordinal4424+0x108

0012f920 73d33094 00000001 00000000 00000000 mfc42!Ordinal4431+0x1b

0012f970 73d31b58 00000000 0014120e 0012fe94 mfc42!Ordinal4441+0x51

0012f9f0 73d31b07 00000111 00000001 0014120e mfc42!Ordinal5163+0x2f

0012fa10 73d31a78 00000111 00000001 0014120e mfc42!Ordinal6374+0x22

0012fa70 73d319d0 0012fe94 00000000 00000111 mfc42!Ordinal1109+0x91

0012fa90 73dbe47c 0018124c 00000111 00000001 mfc42!Ordinal1578+0x34

0012fabc 77d18734 0018124c 00000111 00000001 mfc42!Ordinal1579+0x39

0012fae8 77d18816 73dbe443 0018124c 00000111 user32!GetDC+0x6d

0012fb50 77d2927b 00000000 73dbe443 0018124c user32!GetDC+0x14f

0012fb8c 77d292e3 006d5120 007101c8 00000001 user32!GetParent+0x16c

0012fbac 77d4ff7d 0018124c 00000111 00000001 user32!SendMessageW+0x49

0012fbc4 77d465d2 007156c0 00000000 007156c0 user32!CreateMDIWindowA+0x1bd

0012fbe0 77d25e94 001530ec 00000001 00000000 user32!DeregisterShellHookWindow+0x6312

0012fc64 77d3b082 007156c0 00000202 00000000 user32!IsDlgButtonChecked+0x109a

0012fc84 77d18734 0014120e 00000202 00000000 user32!SoftModalMessageBox+0xda3

0012fcb0 77d18816 77d3b036 0014120e 00000202 user32!GetDC+0x6d

0012fd18 77d189cd 00000000 77d3b036 0014120e user32!GetDC+0x14f

0012fd78 77d18a10 00404314 00000000 0012fdac user32!GetWindowLongW+0x127

0012fd88 77d274ff 00404314 00404314 0040431c user32!DispatchMessageW+0xf

0012fdac 77d3c6d3 0018124c 007156c0 00404314 user32!IsDialogMessageW+0xdb

0012fdcc 73d45202 0018124c 00404314 0012fe94 user32!IsDialogMessage+0x4a

0012fddc 73d39be0 00404314 73d451ce 00404314 mfc42!Ordinal4047+0x2f

0012ff00 73d3c1cf 006f0072 00142373 00000000 mfc42!Ordinal5278+0x29

004034c0 00401c20 004019f0 00401a00 00401a10 mfc42!Ordinal1576+0x47

004034c4 004019ef 00401a00 00401a10 00402130 Test!CTestDlg::`scalar deleting destructor'

004034c8 004019ff 00401a10 00402130 0040212a Test!CTestDlg::~CTestDlg+0xf

004034cc 00401a0f 00402130 0040212a 0040203a Test!CObject::Serialize+0xf

004034d0 00402130 0040212a 0040203a 00402034 Test!CObject::AssertValid+0xf

004034d4 0040212a 0040203a 00402034 0040202e Test!CDialog::OnCmdMsg

004034d8 0040203a 00402034 0040202e 00402028 Test!CWnd::OnFinalRelease

004034dc 00402034 0040202e 00402028 00402022 Test!CCmdTarget::IsInvokeAllowed

004034e0 0040202e 00402028 00402022 00401c70 Test!CCmdTarget::GetDispatchIID

004034e4 00402028 00402022 00401c70 0040201c Test!CCmdTarget::GetTypeInfoCount

004034e8 00402022 00401c70 0040201c 00402016 Test!CCmdTarget::GetTypeLibCache

004034ec 00401c6f 0040201c 00402016 00402010 Test!CCmdTarget::GetTypeLib

004034f0 0040201c 00402016 00402010 0040200a Test!CTestDlg::_GetBaseMessageMap+0xf

004034f4 00402016 00402010 0040200a 00402004 Test!CCmdTarget::GetCommandMap

004034f8 00402010 0040200a 00402004 00401ffe Test!CCmdTarget::GetDispatchMap

004034fc 0040200a 00402004 00401ffe 00401ff8 Test!CCmdTarget::GetConnectionMap

00403500 00402004 00401ffe 00401ff8 00401ff2 Test!CCmdTarget::GetInterfaceMap

00403504 00401ffe 00401ff8 00401ff2 00401fec Test!CCmdTarget::GetEventSinkMap

00403508 00401ff8 00401ff2 00401fec 00402124 Test!CCmdTarget::OnCreateAggregates

00403608 004022fc 00402310 00000000 19930520 Test!CCmdTarget::GetInterfaceHook

0040360c 00402310 00000000 19930520 00000008 Test!WinMainCRTStartup+0x13e

00403610 00000000 19930520 00000008 00403638 Test!WinMainCRTStartup+0x152

STACK_COMMAND: ~0s; .ecxr ; kb

FAULTING_SOURCE_CODE:

137: }

138:

139: void CTestDlg::Fun3(char *pszBuffer)

140: {

> 141: pszBuffer[1] = 0x00;

142: }

143:

144: BOOL CTestDlg::OnInitDialog()

145: {

146: CDialog::OnInitDialog();

SYMBOL_STACK_INDEX: 0

SYMBOL_NAME: Test!CTestDlg::Fun3+6

FOLLOWUP_NAME: MachineOwner

IMAGE_NAME: Test.exe

BUCKET_ID: WRONG_SYMBOLS

FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: NULL_CLASS_PTR_DEREFERENCE_c0000005_Test.exe!CTestDlg::Fun3

WATSON_STAGEONE_URL: http://watson.microsoft.com/StageOne/Test_exe/1_0_0_1/4fc48236/Test_exe/1_0_0_1/4fc48236/c0000005/00001ca6.htm?Retriage=1
Followup: MachineOwner

---------

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OK ，这样我们就能在发布版本的程序中，准确的定位到哪个函数出了问题，所以发布程序时，一定要记得生成pdb、map文件，不然客户运行出错的话，你不死也残！