linux下配置php环境

一．系统

系统版本 centos5.0

软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src

源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name

脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin

MySQL 数据库位置 /var/lib/mysql

Apache 网站根目录 /home/www/wwwroot

Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /home/www/logs

Apache 运行帐户 www:www

关闭不需要的服务

# ntsysv

以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律关闭：

atd

crond

irqbalance

microcode_ctl

network

sendmail

sshd

syslog

重新启动系统

# reboot

使用yum程序安装所需软件包（以下为标准的RPM包名称）

# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel

定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步

# crontab -e

加入一行：

*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44

源代码编译安装所需包

(1) GD2

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz

# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz

# cd gd-2.0.34

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2

# make

# make install

(2) LibXML2

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz

# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz

# cd libxml2-2.6.29

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

# make

# make install

(3) LibMcrypt

# cd /usr/local/src

#wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

# make

# make install

(4) Apache 日志截断程序

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

# cd cronolog-1.6.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog

# make

# make install

8．升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz

# wget http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/openssh/portable/openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz

# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz

# cd openssl-0.9.8e

# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl

# make

# make test

# make install

# cd ..

# tar xzvf openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz

# cd openssh-4.6p1

# ./configure \

"--prefix=/usr" \

"--with-pam" \

"--with-zlib" \

"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \

"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \

"--with-md5-passwords"

# make

# make install

（5）禁用客户端 GSSAPI

# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config

找到：

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

将这行注释掉。

最后，确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务

# service sshd restart

# ssh -v

确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。

编译安装主控环境

1. 下载软件

2. 编译安装MySQL

# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.0.27

# ./configure \

"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \

"--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql" \ （注意：/var 分区是否适合？）

"--with-comment=Source" \

"--with-server-suffix=-lanmang" \

"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \

"--without-debug" \

"--with-big-tables" \

"--with-charset= gbk" \ （此处设置MySQL默认字符集）

"--with-collation= gbk_chinese_ci" \ （此处设置MySQL校正字符集）

"--with-extra-charsets=all" \

"--with-pthread" \

"--enable-static" \

"--enable-thread-safe-client" \

"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \

"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \

"--enable-assembler" \

"--without-isam" \

"--without-innodb" \

"--without-ndb-debug"

# make

# make install

# useradd mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# chown -R root:mysql .

# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql

# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start

# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root' (指定mysqlroot密码)

编译安装Apache

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.2.4

# ./configure \

"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \

"--with-included-apr" \

"--enable-so" \

"--enable-deflate=shared" \

"--enable-expires=shared" \

"--enable-rewrite=shared" \

"--enable-static-support" \

"--disable-userdir"

# make

# make install

# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local

4. 编译安装PHP

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xjvf php-5.2.3.tar.bz2

# cd php-5.2.3

# ./configure \

"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \

"--with-config-file-path=/etc" \

"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \

"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \

"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \

"--with-jpeg-dir" \

"--with-png-dir" \

"--with-bz2" \

"--with-freetype-dir" \

"--with-iconv-dir" \

"--with-zlib-dir " \

"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \

"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \

"--enable-soap" \

"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \

"--enable-memory-limit" \

"--enable-ftp" \

"--enable-mbstring" \

"--enable-exif" \

"--disable-ipv6" \

"--enable-fastcgi" \

"--enable-force-cgi-redirect"\

"--disable-cli"

"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \

# make

# make install

# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc

# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

安装Zend Optimizer

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh

安装Zend Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。

整合Apache与PHP

# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

找到：

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

在该行下面添加

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

找到：

<IfModule dir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

将该行改为

<IfModule dir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

</IfModule>

找到：

#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

去掉前面的“#”号，取消注释。

注意：以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置！

修改完成后保存退出。

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

7. 查看确认环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性

在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php 脚本，检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。

#vi phpinfo.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

确认 PHP 能够正常工作后，在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。

# vi /etc/php.ini

找到：

disable_functions =

设置为：

phpinfo,system,chroot,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,proc_open,proc_get_status,socket_create,socket_bind,

socket_listen,socket_accept,socket_write,socket_read

8. eaccelerator

# tar -jxf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2

# cd eaccelerator-0.9.5

# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize

# ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

# make && make install

三、服务器安全性设置

1. 设置系统防火墙

# touch /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

将以下脚本命令（绿色部分）粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。

#!/bin/bash

# Stop iptables service first

service iptables stop

# Load FTP Kernel modules

/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp

/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp

# Inital chains default policy

/sbin/iptables -F -t filter

/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP

/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

# Enable Native Network Transfer

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Accept Established Connections

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# ICMP Control

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT

# WWW Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

# FTP Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT

# SSH Service

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local

# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh