JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

哇,一看标题怎么这么长啊,其实意思很简单,哥讨厌用HTTP Client做POST与GET提交

觉得那个毕竟是别人写得API库,所以我就自己实现了一个简单的HTTP客户端,支持POST

方式提交数据,GET方式查询数据,是测试Restful API比较方便点,然后支持form与JSON两

种方式提交数据,当然也支持返回数据为JSON格式.当然这些东西都是基于JAVA Socket直

接完成的,不借助任何第三方的库,主要是JDK的API其实已经够用啦. 当然我也没有用

URLConnect这个东西,毕竟它在Socket基础上又包装了一下,有违我写这篇文章的目的.

好啦,讲完理由,下面就说说要怎么样才能实现啊,光说不练假把式啊!大致分了几个步骤

一:当然是要知道HTTP协议,知道常用的HTTP请求头,比如Host, Accept, Content-Type

知道HTTP协议支持的方法,常用有GET/POST/PUT/DELETE等

如果不知道,也不用担心,我保证你读完这篇文章,你就知道一些啦,当然有个最好的参考

文档就是HTTP相关的RFC文档,认真读一下肯定解决你自己心中的HTTP那些疑惑

二: 知道发送HTTP GET与POST格式很重要, 固定的格式如下:

[REQUEST]<SP><URL><SP>[HTTP VERSION]<CLRF>

[REQUEST HEADER: ]<SP>[VALUE]<CLRF>

可以有多个请求头

最后<CLRF>

发送完HTTP请求头部以后, 针对不同请求如POST要发送内容部分,发送完成以后同样

以<CLRF>结尾.

解释: <SP>表示空格, <CLRF>表示回车换行JAVA中表示为”\r\n”

REQUEST表示HTTP请求命令,可以为POST, GET, PUT, DELETE等之一

HTTP VERSION的常见可能值为HTTP/1.1或者HTTP/1.0

三: 如果1与2的知识你都具备了,下面就来介绍一下JAVA Socket的相关知识

如何创建一个JAVA客户端套接字Socket s = new Socket()如此即可,简单吧!

如何连接到远程的主机与端口, 当提供URL字符串时候,可以这么做

URL url = new URL(“http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003”);

String host = url.getHost;

int port = url.getDefaultPort();

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

s.connect(dest);

即可连接到远程主机,下面就可以请求文章内容了, 也很容易的

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String path = "/jia20003/article/details/16908661";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

最后也是最重要的一点,字符编码,尽量都用同一种字符编码来发

送请求数据,推荐使用utf-8测试程序, 我写两个简单的PHP文件放

在wamp server上,完成对全部代码的测试

四:关于HTTP与HTTPS

HTTP协议是位于第四层协议TCP之上完成的应用层协议, 端到端都是明文传送,别人一

旦网络抓包以后都可以看到你的提交与请求数据,这个好像不太安全. HTTP协议的默认

端口是80这个是RFC文档声明的,属于官方标准,没什么道理可以讲.

HTTPS是基于SSL加密传输的,这样别人截获你的数据包破解的概率要小一点,比HTTP安

全一点,其默认端口是443, 好像QQ邮箱与谷歌的WEB Mail邮箱都是基于HTTPS. 但是

HTTPS通信方式只是传输数据加密,都客户端来说是透明的,它还是一样要遵守HTTP协

议规范来发送POST与GET请求等.

完整的测试程序如下:

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package com.gloomyfish.http.client;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.net.SocketAddress;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class TestDemo {

private int port;

private String host;

private Socket socket;

private BufferedReader bufferedReader;

private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;

public TestDemo(String host, int port) {

socket = new Socket();

this.host = host;

this.port = port;

}

public void sendGet() throws IOException

{

String path = "/zhigang/getDemo.php";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)

{

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public void sendPost() throws IOException

{

String path = "/zhigang/postDemo.php";

String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("gloomyfish", "utf-8") + "&" +

URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");

// String data = "name=zhigang_jia";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write(data);

bufferedWriter.flush();

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)

{

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public static void main(String[] args)

{

TestDemo td = new TestDemo("127.0.0.1",8099);

try {

// td.sendGet(); //send HTTP GET Request

td.sendPost(); // send HTTP POST Request

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

<span style="font-size:18px;">}</span>

想要成为支持HTTPS客户端, 只要在创建Socket的时候如下:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, port);</span>

所以有时候离开apache的HTTP Client等第三方Jar,程序员也是一样活!

转载到自己博客里学习一下