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android AIDL使用的小例子

2013-12-03 11:57 363 查看
本文提供了一个关于AIDL使用的简单易懂的例子,分为客户端和服务端两部分,分别为客户端和服务端新建一个eclipse工程,实现了从客户端向服务端发送请求,服务端打印log的功能。

我的理解: 进程间的通信 ,让服务器作出反应(大概就是这个意思)

客户端和服务端的源码结构如下:





注意,由于客户端和服务端的aidl文件所在包名必须一样,而两个包名一样的程序在安装时会产生冲突,所以这里用了一个技巧,在客户端工程的AndroidManifest.xml里把包名指定为com.styleflying,所以大家就会看到gen目录下的R.java所在的包是com.styleflying而不是com.styleflying.AIDL

正文

现在客户端和服务端工程分别新建一个aidl接口,所在包和文件名必须一样。两个aidl接口是一样的,内容如下:

[java] view
plaincopy

package com.styleflying.AIDL;

interface mInterface{

void invokTest();

}

自动编译生成.java文件如下:

[java] view
plaincopy

/*

* This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY.

* Original file: G://workspace//AidlDemo_client//src//com//styleflying//AIDL//mInterface.aidl

*/

package com.styleflying.AIDL;

public interface mInterface extends android.os.IInterface

{

/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */

public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface

{

private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface";

/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */

public Stub()

{

this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);

}

/**

* Cast an IBinder object into an com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface interface,

* generating a proxy if needed.

*/

public static com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)

{

if ((obj==null)) {

return null;

}

android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);

if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface))) {

return ((com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface)iin);

}

return new com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj);

}

public android.os.IBinder asBinder()

{

return this;

}

@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException

{

switch (code)

{

case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:

{

reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);

return true;

}

case TRANSACTION_invokTest:

{

data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);

this.invokTest();

reply.writeNoException();

return true;

}

}

return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);

}

private static class Proxy implements com.styleflying.AIDL.mInterface

{

private android.os.IBinder mRemote;

Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote)

{

mRemote = remote;

}

public android.os.IBinder asBinder()

{

return mRemote;

}

public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor()

{

return DESCRIPTOR;

}

public void invokTest() throws android.os.RemoteException

{

android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();

android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();

try {

_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);

mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_invokTest, _data, _reply, 0);

_reply.readException();

}

finally {

_reply.recycle();

_data.recycle();

}

}

}

static final int TRANSACTION_invokTest = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);

}

public void invokTest() throws android.os.RemoteException;

}

客户端的mAIDLActivity.java如下:

[java] view
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package com.styleflying.AIDL;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.ComponentName;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.content.ServiceConnection;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.os.RemoteException;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.Toast;

import com.styleflying.R;

public class mAIDLActivity extends Activity {

private static final String TAG = "AIDLActivity";

private Button btnOk;

private Button btnCancel;

private Button btnCallBack;

private void Log(String str){

Log.d(TAG,"----------" + str + "----------");

}

mInterface mService;

private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection(){

public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,

IBinder service){

Log("connect service");

mService = mInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);

}

public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className){

Log("disconnect service");

mService = null;

}

};

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

btnOk = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);

btnCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel);

btnCallBack = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_callback);

btnOk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View v){

Bundle args = new Bundle();

Intent intent = new Intent("com.styleflying.AIDL.service");

intent.putExtras(args);

bindService(intent,mConnection,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

}

});

btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View v){

unbindService(mConnection);

}

});

btnCallBack.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View v){

try{

Log.i(TAG,"current Thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());

mService.invokTest();

}

catch(RemoteException e){

}

}

});

}

}

客户端在执行bindService的时候,成功绑定服务之后,会回调mConnection的onServiceConnected(),并且传回了服务端的通信接口IBinder,此IBinder即服务onBind()时返回的IBinder,详见mAIDLService.java。

在onServiceConnected(),客户端成功获取了服务端通信接口,实际上是本地代理对象,该对象存在于客户端进程空间,客户端只和代理对象交互,真正的IPC通信是本地代理对象和服务端的通信。

mAIDLService.java如下:

[c-sharp] view
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package com.styleflying.AIDL;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.os.Looper;

import android.os.RemoteException;

import android.util.Log;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class mAIDLService extends Service{

private static final String TAG = "AIDLService";

private void Log(String str){

Log.i(TAG,"----------" + str + "----------");

}

public void onCreate(){

Log("service created");

}

public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId){

Log("service started id = " + startId);

}

public IBinder onBind(Intent t){

Log("service on bind");

return mBinder;

}

public void onDestroy(){

Log("service on destroy");

super.onDestroy();

}

public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent){

Log("service on unbind");

return super.onUnbind(intent);

}

public void onRebind(Intent intent){

Log("service on rebind");

super.onRebind(intent);

}

private final mInterface.Stub mBinder = new mInterface.Stub() {

public void invokTest() throws RemoteException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

Log.e(TAG, "remote call from client! current thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());

}

};

}

注意onBind()函数,返回了mBinder,而mBinder实现了mInterface.Stub,实现了mInterface接口,执行了打印log的操作。

整个交互流程如下:

1.客户端通过绑定服务,获取了服务的句柄(本地代理对象);

2.客户端执行onClick(),调用本地代理对象的invokTest()函数,本地代理对象调用mRemote.transact()发出远程调用请求(见 mInterface.java);

3.服务端响应onTransact()执行this.invokTest(),并将执行结果返回;

由于客户端只和本地代理对象即服务句柄通信,由代理对象进行真正的IPC操作,所以对客户端来说,IPC过程是透明的,调用远程操作如同调用本地操作一样。在客户端调用transact()时,会将服务描述DSCRIPTION写入到data里,在客户端onTransact时会验证,如果两个不一样,则不能通信。而DSCRIPTION是根据mInterface包名和接口名自动生成的,这就是为什么两个工程里的mInterface.aidl要在同一个包的原因。

在这个过程中,mInterface.aidl起到了桥梁的作用,规定统一了客户端和服务端的通信接口,使得客户端和服务端得以成功的通信。

具体的通信transact和onTransact的过程也就是利用Binder驱动通信的过程,在这里就不多叙述。

最后补上两个工程的AndroidManifest.xml

[xhtml] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

package="com.styleflying"

android:versionCode="1"

android:versionName="1.0">

<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">

<activity android:name=".AIDL.mAIDLActivity"

android:label="@string/app_name">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</application>

<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

</manifest>

[xhtml] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

package="com.styleflying.AIDL"

android:versionCode="1"

android:versionName="1.0">

<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">

<service android:name=".mAIDLService">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="com.styleflying.AIDL.service" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />

</intent-filter>

</service>

</application>

<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

</manifest>

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