集合:NSArray、NSMutableArray、NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary、NSSet、NSMutableSet使用

/*本文介绍了：NSArray（有序的集合，存储的元素在一个整块的内存中并按序排列）、
NSMutableArray、
NSDictionary（键值映射）、
NSMutableDictionary、
NSSet（无序的集合，散列存储）、
NSMutableSet, 类方法参见官方API*/

//一、数组 NSArray
// 1‘创建数组
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

//2、-(unsigned) count数组所包含对象个数
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%lu", [array count]);

//3、- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;获取指定索引处的对象;
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[array objectAtIndex:2]);

//切分数组
//4、从字符串分割到数组－ componentsSeparatedByString:
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
[string release];

//5、从数组合并元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

//二、从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)NSMutableArray
//1、arrayWithArray:
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array2);

NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
mutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array2];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",mutableArray);

NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array2];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

//2、Copy
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

id obj;
for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
{
obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//3、快速枚举
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@", oldArray2);

for(id obj in oldArray2)
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//4、Deep copy
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault,  (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//5、Copy and sort
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];
id obj;
while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
[newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//6、给数组分配容量
NSArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

//7、在数组末尾添加对象，- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array addObject:@"Four"];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

//8、删除数组中指定索引处对象,-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

//9、数组枚举，- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;从前向后
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
id thingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}

//10、从后向前,-(NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}

//11、快速枚举
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
for(NSString *string in array)
{
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
}

//三、字典 NSDictionary，key/value 方式，对应于Java中Map
//1、创建字典,- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
[dictionary release];

//四、可变字典 NSMutableDictionary
//1、创建可变字典
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

//2、删除指定的字典
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

//3、对任何对象进行包装NSValue, 将NSRect放入NSArray中,将NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

//4、从Array中提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@"value:%@",value);

//5、从目录搜索扩展名为jpg的文件
NSString *home = @"../Users/";
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];
NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSString *filename;
while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {
if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){
[files addObject:filename];
}
}

//快速枚举
for(NSString *filename in direnum){
if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){
[files addObject:filename];
}
}
NSLog(@"files:%@",files);

//6、枚举
NSEnumerator *filenum = [files objectEnumerator];
while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);
}

//快速枚举
for(id object in files){
NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}

//五、NSSet
//1、NSSet的使用
/*
[NSSet setWithSet:(NSSet *)set]; 用另外一个set对象构造
[NSSet setWithArray:(NSArray *)array];用数组构造
[NSSet setWithObjects:...]:创建集合对象，并且初始化集合中的数值，结尾必需使用nil标志。
[set count] ; 得到这个结合对象的长度。
[set containsObject:...]: 判断这个集合中是否存在传入的对象，返回Bool值。
[set objectEnumerator]: 将集合放入迭代器。
[enumerator nextObject]:得到迭代器中的下一个节点数据，使用while遍历这个迭代器，方可遍历集合对象中的对象。
[set isEqualToSet:objset]:判断两个集合是否完全相等,返回Bool值。
[set isSubsetOfSet:objset]:判断集合中的所有数据是否都相等与objeset集合中,返回Bool值。
[set allObjects];
*/
NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"25",@"age",@"张三",@"name",@"男",nil];
NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"25",@"age",@"张三",@"name",@"男",@"性别",nil];
NSLog(@"set count:%lu", [set count]);

//判断是否含有age字符串
if([set containsObject:@"age"]) {
NSLog(@"set包含age");
}

//判断set 是否等于set1
if ([set isEqualToSet:set1]) {
NSLog(@"set 等于 set1");
}

//判断set是否是否是set1的子集合
if ([set isSubsetOfSet:set1]) {
NSLog(@"set isSubsetOfSet set1");
}

//获取所有set对象
NSArray *array = [set allObjects];
NSLog(@"array:%@", array);

//迭代遍历
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [set objectEnumerator];
for (NSObject *object in enumerator) {
NSLog(@"set1里的对象:%@", object);
}

//六、NSMutableSet的使用
/*
NSMutableSet继承NSSet，它可以使用NSSet的方法。
[NSMutableSet setWithCapacity:6]:创建可变集合对象，并且初始化长度为6。
[set addObject: obj] : 向集合中动态的添加对象。
[set removeObject:obj]:删除集合中的一个对象。
[set removeAllObjects]:删除集合中的所有对象。
[set unionSet:obj]:向集合中添加一个obj集合的所有数据。
[set minusSet:obj]:向集合中删除一个obj集合的所有数据。
[set intersectSet]:向集合中删除一个不包含obj集合的所有数据。
*/
//集合NSMutableSet中不能存在重复的对象
NSMutableSet *set1 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3", nil];
NSMutableSet *set2 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"5",@"6", nil];
[set1 unionSet:set2];      //取并集1，2，3，5，6
[set1 intersectSet:set2];  //取交集1
[set1 minusSet:set2];      //取差集2，3，5，6