spring 3.0 应用springmvc 构造RESTful URL 详细讲解
2013-11-08 17:42
489 查看
（一）
简单例子如下,比如如下URL
Java代码
/blog/1 HTTP GET => 得到id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP DELETE => 删除 id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP PUT => 更新id = 1的blog /blog HTTP POST => 新增BLOG
以下详细解一下spring rest使用.
首先，我们带着如下三个问题查看本文。
1. 如何在java构造没有扩展名的RESTful url,如 /forms/1,而不是 /forms/1.do
2. 由于我们要构造没有扩展名的url本来是处理静态资源的容器映射的，现在被我们的spring占用了，冲突怎么解决?
3. 浏览器的form标签不支持提交delete,put请求，如何曲线解决?
Java代码
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) { blogManager.removeById(id); return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION); }
@RequestMapping @PathVariable如果URL中带参数，则配合使用，如
Java代码
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{blogId}/message/{msgId}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("blogId") Long blogId,@PathVariable("msgId") Long msgId,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
}
Xml代码
<!-- 该servlet为tomcat,jetty等容器提供,将静态资源映射从/改为/static/目录，如原来访问 http://localhost/foo.css ,现在http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/static/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- URL重写filter,用于将访问静态资源http://localhost/foo.css 转为http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
<filter>
<filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>confReloadCheckInterval</param-name>
<param-value>60</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>logLevel</param-name>
<param-value>DEBUG</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 覆盖default servlet的/, springmvc servlet将处理原来处理静态资源的映射 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 浏览器不支持put,delete等method,由该filter将/blog?_method=delete转换为标准的http delete方法 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
2. webapp/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml配置,使用如下两个class激活@RequestMapping annotation
Java代码
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
完整配置
Java代码
<beans default-autowire="byName" > <!-- 自动搜索@Controller标注的类 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.**.controller"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- Default ViewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/pages"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" p:basename="i18n/messages"/> <!-- Mapping exception to the handler view --> <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <!-- to /commons/error.jsp --> <property name="defaultErrorView" value="/commons/error"/> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
3. Controller编写
Java代码
/**
* @RequestMapping("/userinfo") 具有层次关系，方法级的将在类一级@RequestMapping之一,
* 如下面示例, 访问方法级别的@RequestMapping("/new"),则URL为 /userinfo/new
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/userinfo")
public class UserInfoController extends BaseSpringController{
//默认多列排序,example: username desc,createTime asc
protected static final String DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS = null;
private UserInfoManager userInfoManager;
private final String LIST_ACTION = "redirect:/userinfo";
/**
* 通过spring自动注入
**/
public void setUserInfoManager(UserInfoManager manager) {
this.userInfoManager = manager;
}
/** 列表 */
@RequestMapping
public ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) {
PageRequest<Map> pageRequest = newPageRequest(request,DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS);
//pageRequest.getFilters(); //add custom filters
Page page = this.userInfoManager.findByPageRequest(pageRequest);
savePage(page,pageRequest,request);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/list","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 进入新增 */
@RequestMapping(value="/new")
public ModelAndView _new(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/new","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 显示 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}")
public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/show","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 编辑 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}/edit")
public ModelAndView edit(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/edit","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 保存新增 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView create(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
userInfoManager.save(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 保存更新 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public ModelAndView update(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
bind(request,userInfo);
userInfoManager.update(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 删除 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
userInfoManager.removeById(id);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 批量删除 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView batchDelete(@RequestParam("items") Long[] items,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
userInfoManager.removeById(items[i]);
}
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
}
上面是rapid-framework
新版本生成器生成的代码,以后也将应用此规则,rest url中增删改查等基本方法与Controller的方法映射规则
Java代码
/userinfo => index()
/userinfo/new => _new()
/userinfo/{id} => show()
/userinfo/{id}/edit => edit()
/userinfo POST => create()
/userinfo/{id} PUT => update()
/userinfo/{id} DELETE => delete()
/userinfo DELETE => batchDelete()
注(不使用 /userinfo/add => add() 方法是由于add这个方法会被maxthon浏览器当做广告链接过滤掉,因为包含ad字符)
4. jsp 编写
Html代码
<form:form action="${ctx}/userinfo/${userInfo.userId}" method="put">
</form:form>
生成的html内容如下, 生成一个hidden的_method=put,并于web.xml中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter配合使用，在服务端将post请求改为put请求
Java代码
<form id="userInfo" action="/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/> </form>
另外一种方法是你可以使用ajax发送put,delete请求.
5. 静态资源的URL重写
如上我们描述，现因为将default servlet映射至/static/的子目录，现我们访问静态资源将会带一个/static/前缀.
如 /foo.gif, 现在访问该文件将是 /static/foo.gif.
那如何避免这个前缀呢，那就是应用URL rewrite,现我们使用 http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/, 重写规则如下
Xml代码
<urlrewrite>
<!-- 访问jsp及jspx将不rewrite url,其它.js,.css,.gif等将重写,如 /foo.gif => /static/foo.gif -->
<rule>
<condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jsp</condition>
<condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jspx</condition>
<from>^(/.*\..*)$</from>
<to>/static$1</to>
</rule>
</urlrewrite>
另笔者专门写了一个 RestUrlRewriteFilter来做同样的事件，以后会随着rapid-framework一起发布. 比这个更加轻量级.
并且该代码已经贡献给spring,不知会不会在下一版本发布
（二）
RESTful服务中很重要的一个特性即是同一资源,多种表述.也即如下面描述的三种方式:
1.使用http request header: Accept
Xml代码
GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/xml //将返回xml格式数据 GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/json //将返回json格式数据
2.使用扩展名
Html代码
/user/123.xml 将返回xml格式数据 /user/123.json 将返回json格式数据 /user/123.html 将返回html格式数据
3.使用参数
Html代码
/user/123?format=xml //将返回xml数据 /user/123?format=json //将返回json数据
而以上三种各有优缺点:
1.使用Accept header:
这一种为教科书中通常描述的一种,理想中这种方式也是最好的,但如果你的资源要给用户直接通过浏览器访问(即html展现),那么由于浏览器的差异,发送上来的Accept Header头将是不一样的. 将导致服务器不知要返回什么格式的数据给你. 下面是浏览器的Accept Header
Html代码
chrome: Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,textml;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 firefox: Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 IE8: Accept:image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */*
2.使用扩展名
丧失了同一url多种展现的方式,但现在这种在实际环境中是使用最多的.因为更加符合程序员的审美观.
3.使用参数
现在很多open API是使用这种方式,但可能由于要编写的字符较多,所以较少使用.
带着上面的选择: 使用扩展名,我们来看一下spring中如何配置这部分.
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver是根据客户提交的MimeType(如 text/html,application/xml)来跟服务端的一组viewResover的MimeType相比较,如果符合,即返回viewResover的数据.
而 /user/123.xml, ContentNegotiatingViewResolver会首先将 .xml 根据mediaTypes属性将其转换成 application/xml,然后完成前面所说的比较.
下面是ContentNegotiatingViewResolver的完全配置.
Xml代码
<!-- 根据客户端的不同的请求决定不同的view进行响应, 如 /blog/1.json /blog/1.xml -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<!-- 设置为true以忽略对Accept Header的支持-->
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/>
<!-- 在没有扩展名时即: "/user/1" 时的默认展现形式 -->
<property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html"/>
<!-- 扩展名至mimeType的映射,即 /user.json => application/json -->
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
</map>
</property>
<!-- 用于开启 /userinfo/123?format=json 的支持 -->
<property name="favorParameter" value="false"/>
<property name="viewResolvers">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/pages"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- for application/json -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView" />
<!-- for application/xml -->
<!--
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView" >
<property name="marshaller">
<bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"/>
</property>
</bean>
-->
</list>
</property>
</bean>
简单例子如下,比如如下URL
Java代码
/blog/1 HTTP GET => 得到id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP DELETE => 删除 id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP PUT => 更新id = 1的blog /blog HTTP POST => 新增BLOG
/blog/1 HTTP GET => 得到id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP DELETE => 删除 id = 1的blog /blog/1 HTTP PUT => 更新id = 1的blog /blog HTTP POST => 新增BLOG
以下详细解一下spring rest使用.
首先，我们带着如下三个问题查看本文。
1. 如何在java构造没有扩展名的RESTful url,如 /forms/1,而不是 /forms/1.do
2. 由于我们要构造没有扩展名的url本来是处理静态资源的容器映射的，现在被我们的spring占用了，冲突怎么解决?
3. 浏览器的form标签不支持提交delete,put请求，如何曲线解决?
springmvc rest 实现
springmvc的resturl是通过@RequestMapping 及@PathVariable annotation提供的,通过如@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)即可处理/blog/1 的delete请求.Java代码
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) { blogManager.removeById(id); return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION); }
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
blogManager.removeById(id);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}@RequestMapping @PathVariable如果URL中带参数，则配合使用，如
Java代码
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{blogId}/message/{msgId}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("blogId") Long blogId,@PathVariable("msgId") Long msgId,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
}
@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{blogId}/message/{msgId}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("blogId") Long blogId,@PathVariable("msgId") Long msgId,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
}spring rest配置指南
1. springmvc web.xml配置Xml代码
<!-- 该servlet为tomcat,jetty等容器提供,将静态资源映射从/改为/static/目录，如原来访问 http://localhost/foo.css ,现在http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/static/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- URL重写filter,用于将访问静态资源http://localhost/foo.css 转为http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
<filter>
<filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>confReloadCheckInterval</param-name>
<param-value>60</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>logLevel</param-name>
<param-value>DEBUG</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 覆盖default servlet的/, springmvc servlet将处理原来处理静态资源的映射 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 浏览器不支持put,delete等method,由该filter将/blog?_method=delete转换为标准的http delete方法 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 该servlet为tomcat,jetty等容器提供,将静态资源映射从/改为/static/目录，如原来访问 http://localhost/foo.css ,现在http://localhost/static/foo.css --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/static/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- URL重写filter,用于将访问静态资源http://localhost/foo.css 转为http://localhost/static/foo.css --> <filter> <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>confReloadCheckInterval</param-name> <param-value>60</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>logLevel</param-name> <param-value>DEBUG</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 覆盖default servlet的/, springmvc servlet将处理原来处理静态资源的映射 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 浏览器不支持put,delete等method,由该filter将/blog?_method=delete转换为标准的http delete方法 --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> </filter-mapping>
2. webapp/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml配置,使用如下两个class激活@RequestMapping annotation
Java代码
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
完整配置
Java代码
<beans default-autowire="byName" > <!-- 自动搜索@Controller标注的类 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.**.controller"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- Default ViewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/pages"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" p:basename="i18n/messages"/> <!-- Mapping exception to the handler view --> <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <!-- to /commons/error.jsp --> <property name="defaultErrorView" value="/commons/error"/> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
<beans default-autowire="byName" > <!-- 自动搜索@Controller标注的类 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.**.controller"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- Default ViewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/pages"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" p:basename="i18n/messages"/> <!-- Mapping exception to the handler view --> <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <!-- to /commons/error.jsp --> <property name="defaultErrorView" value="/commons/error"/> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
3. Controller编写
Java代码
/**
* @RequestMapping("/userinfo") 具有层次关系，方法级的将在类一级@RequestMapping之一,
* 如下面示例, 访问方法级别的@RequestMapping("/new"),则URL为 /userinfo/new
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/userinfo")
public class UserInfoController extends BaseSpringController{
//默认多列排序,example: username desc,createTime asc
protected static final String DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS = null;
private UserInfoManager userInfoManager;
private final String LIST_ACTION = "redirect:/userinfo";
/**
* 通过spring自动注入
**/
public void setUserInfoManager(UserInfoManager manager) {
this.userInfoManager = manager;
}
/** 列表 */
@RequestMapping
public ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) {
PageRequest<Map> pageRequest = newPageRequest(request,DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS);
//pageRequest.getFilters(); //add custom filters
Page page = this.userInfoManager.findByPageRequest(pageRequest);
savePage(page,pageRequest,request);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/list","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 进入新增 */
@RequestMapping(value="/new")
public ModelAndView _new(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/new","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 显示 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}")
public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/show","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 编辑 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}/edit")
public ModelAndView edit(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/edit","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 保存新增 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView create(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
userInfoManager.save(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 保存更新 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public ModelAndView update(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
bind(request,userInfo);
userInfoManager.update(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 删除 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
userInfoManager.removeById(id);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 批量删除 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView batchDelete(@RequestParam("items") Long[] items,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
userInfoManager.removeById(items[i]);
}
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
}
/**
* @RequestMapping("/userinfo") 具有层次关系，方法级的将在类一级@RequestMapping之一,
* 如下面示例, 访问方法级别的@RequestMapping("/new"),则URL为 /userinfo/new
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/userinfo")
public class UserInfoController extends BaseSpringController{
//默认多列排序,example: username desc,createTime asc
protected static final String DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS = null;
private UserInfoManager userInfoManager;
private final String LIST_ACTION = "redirect:/userinfo";
/**
* 通过spring自动注入
**/
public void setUserInfoManager(UserInfoManager manager) {
this.userInfoManager = manager;
}
/** 列表 */
@RequestMapping
public ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) {
PageRequest<Map> pageRequest = newPageRequest(request,DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS);
//pageRequest.getFilters(); //add custom filters
Page page = this.userInfoManager.findByPageRequest(pageRequest);
savePage(page,pageRequest,request);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/list","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 进入新增 */
@RequestMapping(value="/new")
public ModelAndView _new(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/new","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 显示 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}")
public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/show","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 编辑 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}/edit")
public ModelAndView edit(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/edit","userInfo",userInfo);
}
/** 保存新增 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView create(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
userInfoManager.save(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 保存更新 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public ModelAndView update(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
bind(request,userInfo);
userInfoManager.update(userInfo);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 删除 */
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
userInfoManager.removeById(id);
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
/** 批量删除 */
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView batchDelete(@RequestParam("items") Long[] items,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
userInfoManager.removeById(items[i]);
}
return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}
}上面是rapid-framework
新版本生成器生成的代码,以后也将应用此规则,rest url中增删改查等基本方法与Controller的方法映射规则
Java代码
/userinfo => index()
/userinfo/new => _new()
/userinfo/{id} => show()
/userinfo/{id}/edit => edit()
/userinfo POST => create()
/userinfo/{id} PUT => update()
/userinfo/{id} DELETE => delete()
/userinfo DELETE => batchDelete()
/userinfo => index()
/userinfo/new => _new()
/userinfo/{id} => show()
/userinfo/{id}/edit => edit()
/userinfo POST => create()
/userinfo/{id} PUT => update()
/userinfo/{id} DELETE => delete()
/userinfo DELETE => batchDelete()注(不使用 /userinfo/add => add() 方法是由于add这个方法会被maxthon浏览器当做广告链接过滤掉,因为包含ad字符)
4. jsp 编写
Html代码
<form:form action="${ctx}/userinfo/${userInfo.userId}" method="put">
</form:form>
<form:form action="${ctx}/userinfo/${userInfo.userId}" method="put">
</form:form>生成的html内容如下, 生成一个hidden的_method=put,并于web.xml中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter配合使用，在服务端将post请求改为put请求
Java代码
<form id="userInfo" action="/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/> </form>
<form id="userInfo" action="/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/> </form>
另外一种方法是你可以使用ajax发送put,delete请求.
5. 静态资源的URL重写
如上我们描述，现因为将default servlet映射至/static/的子目录，现我们访问静态资源将会带一个/static/前缀.
如 /foo.gif, 现在访问该文件将是 /static/foo.gif.
那如何避免这个前缀呢，那就是应用URL rewrite,现我们使用 http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/, 重写规则如下
Xml代码
<urlrewrite>
<!-- 访问jsp及jspx将不rewrite url,其它.js,.css,.gif等将重写,如 /foo.gif => /static/foo.gif -->
<rule>
<condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jsp</condition>
<condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jspx</condition>
<from>^(/.*\..*)$</from>
<to>/static$1</to>
</rule>
</urlrewrite>
<urlrewrite> <!-- 访问jsp及jspx将不rewrite url,其它.js,.css,.gif等将重写,如 /foo.gif => /static/foo.gif --> <rule> <condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jsp</condition> <condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jspx</condition> <from>^(/.*\..*)$</from> <to>/static$1</to> </rule> </urlrewrite>
另笔者专门写了一个 RestUrlRewriteFilter来做同样的事件，以后会随着rapid-framework一起发布. 比这个更加轻量级.
并且该代码已经贡献给spring,不知会不会在下一版本发布
（二）
RESTful服务中很重要的一个特性即是同一资源,多种表述.也即如下面描述的三种方式:
1.使用http request header: Accept
Xml代码
GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/xml //将返回xml格式数据 GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/json //将返回json格式数据
GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/xml //将返回xml格式数据 GET /user/123 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/json //将返回json格式数据
2.使用扩展名
Html代码
/user/123.xml 将返回xml格式数据 /user/123.json 将返回json格式数据 /user/123.html 将返回html格式数据
/user/123.xml 将返回xml格式数据 /user/123.json 将返回json格式数据 /user/123.html 将返回html格式数据
3.使用参数
Html代码
/user/123?format=xml //将返回xml数据 /user/123?format=json //将返回json数据
/user/123?format=xml //将返回xml数据 /user/123?format=json //将返回json数据
而以上三种各有优缺点:
1.使用Accept header:
这一种为教科书中通常描述的一种,理想中这种方式也是最好的,但如果你的资源要给用户直接通过浏览器访问(即html展现),那么由于浏览器的差异,发送上来的Accept Header头将是不一样的. 将导致服务器不知要返回什么格式的数据给你. 下面是浏览器的Accept Header
Html代码
chrome: Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,textml;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 firefox: Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 IE8: Accept:image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */*
chrome: Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,textml;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 firefox: Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 IE8: Accept:image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */*
2.使用扩展名
丧失了同一url多种展现的方式,但现在这种在实际环境中是使用最多的.因为更加符合程序员的审美观.
3.使用参数
现在很多open API是使用这种方式,但可能由于要编写的字符较多,所以较少使用.
带着上面的选择: 使用扩展名,我们来看一下spring中如何配置这部分.
二.spring配置
现spring完成内容协商(content negotiation)的工作是由ContentNegotiatingViewResolver来完成的.它的工作模式支持我上面讲的三种,ContentNegotiatingViewResolver是根据客户提交的MimeType(如 text/html,application/xml)来跟服务端的一组viewResover的MimeType相比较,如果符合,即返回viewResover的数据.
而 /user/123.xml, ContentNegotiatingViewResolver会首先将 .xml 根据mediaTypes属性将其转换成 application/xml,然后完成前面所说的比较.
下面是ContentNegotiatingViewResolver的完全配置.
Xml代码
<!-- 根据客户端的不同的请求决定不同的view进行响应, 如 /blog/1.json /blog/1.xml -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<!-- 设置为true以忽略对Accept Header的支持-->
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/>
<!-- 在没有扩展名时即: "/user/1" 时的默认展现形式 -->
<property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html"/>
<!-- 扩展名至mimeType的映射,即 /user.json => application/json -->
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
</map>
</property>
<!-- 用于开启 /userinfo/123?format=json 的支持 -->
<property name="favorParameter" value="false"/>
<property name="viewResolvers">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/pages"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- for application/json -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView" />
<!-- for application/xml -->
<!--
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView" >
<property name="marshaller">
<bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"/>
</property>
</bean>
-->
</list>
</property>
</bean>
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