MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除、更新

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作者：Dirk (dirk.ye AT gmail.com)

Url：http://dirk.pdx.cn

首先，目前在产品环境可用的MySQL版本（指4.0.x和4.1.x）中，只有InnoDB引擎才允许使用外键，所以，我们的数据表必须使用InnoDB引擎。

下面，我们先创建以下测试用数据库表：

CREATE TABLE `roottb` (

`id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,

`data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) TYPE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE `subtb` (

`id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,

`rootid` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

INDEX (`rootid`),

FOREIGN KEY (`rootid`) REFERENCES roottb(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE

) TYPE=InnoDB;

注意：

1、必须使用InnoDB引擎；

2、外键必须建立索引（INDEX）；

3、外键绑定关系这里使用了“ ON DELETE CASCADE”，意思是如果外键对应数据被删除，将关联数据完全删除，更多信息请参考MySQL手册中关于InnoDB的文档；

好，接着我们再来插入测试数据：

INSERT INTO `roottb` (`id`,`data`)

VALUES ('1', 'test root line 1'),

('2', 'test root line 2'),

('3', 'test root line 3');

INSERT INTO `subtb` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)

VALUES ('1', '1', 'test sub line 1 for root 1'),

('2', '1', 'test sub line 2 for root 1'),

('3', '1', 'test sub line 3 for root 1'),

('4', '2', 'test sub line 1 for root 2'),

('5', '2', 'test sub line 2 for root 2'),

('6', '2', 'test sub line 3 for root 2'),

('7', '3', 'test sub line 1 for root 3'),

('8', '3', 'test sub line 2 for root 3'),

('9', '3', 'test sub line 3 for root 3');

我们先看一下当前数据表的状态：

mysql>; show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| roottb |

| subtb |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>; select * from `roottb`;

+----+------------------+

| id | data |

+----+------------------+

| 1 | test root line 1 |

| 2 | test root line 2 |

| 3 | test root line 3 |

+----+------------------+

3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql>; select * from `subtb`;

+----+--------+----------------------------+

| id | rootid | data |

+----+--------+----------------------------+

| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |

| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |

| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |

| 4 | 2 | test sub line 1 for root 2 |

| 5 | 2 | test sub line 2 for root 2 |

| 6 | 2 | test sub line 3 for root 2 |

| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |

| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |

| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |

+----+--------+----------------------------+

9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

嗯，一切都正常，好，下面我们要试验我们的级联删除功能了。

我们将只删除roottb表中id为2的数据记录，看看subtb表中rootid为2的相关子纪录是否会自动删除：

mysql>; delete from `roottb` where `id`='2';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>; select * from `roottb`;

+----+------------------+

| id | data |

+----+------------------+

| 1 | test root line 1 |

| 3 | test root line 3 |

+----+------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>; select * from `subtb`;

+----+--------+----------------------------+

| id | rootid | data |

+----+--------+----------------------------+

| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |

| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |

| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |

| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |

| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |

| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |

+----+--------+----------------------------+

6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

嗯，看subtb表中对应数据确实自动删除了，测试成功。

结论：在MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除成功！

原文链接：http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=462977