AndroidManifest.xml元素详解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest>

<!-- 基本配置 -->
<uses-permission />
<permission />
<permission-tree />
<permission-group />
<instrumentation />
<uses-sdk />
<uses-configuration />
<uses-feature />
<supports-screens />
<compatible-screens />
<supports-gl-texture />

<!-- 应用配置 -->
<application>

<!-- Activity 配置 -->
<activity>
<intent-filter>
<action />
<category />
<data />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data />
</activity>

<activity-alias>
<intent-filter> . . . </intent-filter>
<meta-data />
</activity-alias>

<!-- Service 配置 -->
<service>
<intent-filter> . . . </intent-filter>
<meta-data/>
</service>

<!-- Receiver 配置 -->
<receiver>
<intent-filter> . . . </intent-filter>
<meta-data />
</receiver>

<!-- Provider 配置 -->
<provider>
<grant-uri-permission />
<meta-data />
</provider>

<!-- 所需类库配置 -->
<uses-library />

</application>

</manifest>

1. <manifest> </manifest>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="string"
android:sharedUserId="string"
android:sharedUserLabel="string resource"
android:versionCode="integer"
android:versionName="string"
android:installLocation=["auto" | "internalOnly" | "preferExternal"] >
. . .
</manifest>

它必须包含以下两个属性：

1) xmlns:android

2) package

2. <uses-permission />申请权限

<uses-permission android:name="string" />

申请程序正常运行所必须的权限，在安装时由用户授予。

android:name可以其它应用程序通过<permission />定义的权限；也可以是系统定义的权限，如：

"android.permission.CAMERA" or "android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"

3. <permission />定义权限

<permission android:description="string resource"
android:icon="drawable resource"
android:label="string resource"
android:name="string"
android:permissionGroup="string"
android:protectionLevel=["normal" | "dangerous" |
"signature" | "signatureOrSystem"] />

4. <uses-sdk />

<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="integer"
android:targetSdkVersion="integer"
android:maxSdkVersion="integer" />

"interger"为API Level。

5. <supports-screens />

<supports-screens android:resizeable=["true"| "false"]
android:smallScreens=["true" | "false"]
android:normalScreens=["true" | "false"]
android:largeScreens=["true" | "false"]
android:xlargeScreens=["true" | "false"]
android:anyDensity=["true" | "false"]
android:requiresSmallestWidthDp="integer"
android:compatibleWidthLimitDp="integer"
android:largestWidthLimitDp="integer"/>

6. <compatible-screens> </compatible-screens>

<compatible-screens>
<screen android:screenSize=["small" | "normal" | "large" | "xlarge"]
android:screenDensity=["ldpi" | "mdpi" | "hdpi" | "xhdpi"] />
...
</compatible-screens>

Android系统在安装或运行时，都不会读取<compatible-screens>元素。此元素被外部服务(如Google Play)使用，以更好地理解应用程序与屏幕配置的兼容性，并且为用户进行过滤。示例如下：

<manifest ... >
...
<compatible-screens>
<!-- all small size screens -->
<screen android:screenSize="small" android:screenDensity="ldpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="small" android:screenDensity="mdpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="small" android:screenDensity="hdpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="small" android:screenDensity="xhdpi" />
<!-- all normal size screens -->
<screen android:screenSize="normal" android:screenDensity="ldpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="normal" android:screenDensity="mdpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="normal" android:screenDensity="hdpi" />
<screen android:screenSize="normal" android:screenDensity="xhdpi" />
</compatible-screens>
<application ... >
...
<application>
</manifest>

7. <supports-gl-texture />

<supports-gl-texture
android:name="string" />

宣布应用程序支持“a single GL texture compression format”，应用程序可以提供本地的压缩资源(在.apk中)，或应用程序在运行时从服务器下载。实例如下：

<supports-gl-texture android:name="GL_OES_compressed_ETC1_RGB8_texture" />
<supports-gl-texture android:name="GL_OES_compressed_paletted_texture" />

android:name可使用的值如下表所示：

8. <application> </application>

<application android:allowTaskReparenting=["true" | "false"]
android:allowBackup=["true" | "false"]
android:backupAgent="string"
android:debuggable=["true" | "false"]
android:description="string resource"
android:enabled=["true" | "false"]
android:hasCode=["true" | "false"]
android:hardwareAccelerated=["true" | "false"]
android:icon="drawable resource"
android:killAfterRestore=["true" | "false"]
android:largeHeap=["true" | "false"]
android:label="string resource"
android:logo="drawable resource"
android:manageSpaceActivity="string"
android:name="string"
android:permission="string"
android:persistent=["true" | "false"]
android:process="string"
android:restoreAnyVersion=["true" | "false"]
android:requiredAccountType="string"
android:restrictedAccountType="string"
android:supportsRtl=["true" | "false"]
android:taskAffinity="string"
android:testOnly=["true" | "false"]
android:theme="resource or theme"
android:uiOptions=["none" | "splitActionBarWhenNarrow"]
android:vmSafeMode=["true" | "false"] >
. . .
</application>

它可以包含：

<activity>

<activity-alias>

<service>

<receiver>

<provider>

<uses-library>

• android:hardwareAccelerated

当绘制应用的所有activities和views时，是否启用了硬件加速。

默认值："true"： 如果minSdkVersion or targetSdkVersion大于等于14

"false"：如果minSdkVersion or targetSdkVersion小于14

• android:permission

需要与此应用交互的客户端必须具有的权限。

• android:persistent

标志应用是否一直运行。普通应用程序通常不应该设置为"true"，此模式是为特定的系统应用程序所用。

• android:process

所有应用组件应当在进程名由android:process指定的进程中运行。每个组件也可以指定它所运行的进程名。

当应用中的组件第一次需要运行时，Android系统默认为为它创建一个进程，且进程名为“package name”。

如果两个应用运行在同一个进程，则它们必须具有相同的userID和签名。

8. <activity> </activity>

<activity android:allowTaskReparenting=["true" | "false"]
android:alwaysRetainTaskState=["true" | "false"]
android:clearTaskOnLaunch=["true" | "false"]
android:configChanges=["mcc", "mnc", "locale",
"touchscreen", "keyboard", "keyboardHidden",
"navigation", "screenLayout", "fontScale", "uiMode",
"orientation", "screenSize", "smallestScreenSize"]
android:enabled=["true" | "false"]
android:excludeFromRecents=["true" | "false"]
android:exported=["true" | "false"]
android:finishOnTaskLaunch=["true" | "false"]
android:hardwareAccelerated=["true" | "false"]
android:icon="drawable resource"
android:label="string resource"
android:launchMode=["multiple" | "singleTop" |
"singleTask" | "singleInstance"]
android:multiprocess=["true" | "false"]
android:name="string"
android:noHistory=["true" | "false"]
android:parentActivityName="string"
android:permission="string"
android:process="string"
android:screenOrientation=["unspecified" | "behind" |
"landscape" | "portrait" |
"reverseLandscape" | "reversePortrait" |
"sensorLandscape" | "sensorPortrait" |
"userLandscape" | "userPortrait" |
"sensor" | "fullSensor" | "nosensor" |
"user" | "fullUser" | "locked"]
android:stateNotNeeded=["true" | "false"]
android:taskAffinity="string"
android:theme="resource or theme"
android:uiOptions=["none" | "splitActionBarWhenNarrow"]
android:windowSoftInputMode=["stateUnspecified",
"stateUnchanged", "stateHidden",
"stateAlwaysHidden", "stateVisible",
"stateAlwaysVisible", "adjustUnspecified",
"adjustResize", "adjustPan"] >
. . .
</activity>

它可以包含：

<intent-filter>

<meta-data>

Activity活动组件（即界面控制器组件）的声明标签，Android应用中的每一个Activity都必须在AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中声明，否则系统将不识别也不执行该Activity。<activity>标签中常用的属性有：Activity对应类名android:name，对应主题android:theme，加载模式android:launchMode，键盘交互模式android:windowSoftInputMode等。

9. <activity-alias> </activity-alias>

<activity-alias android:enabled=["true" | "false"]
android:exported=["true" | "false"]
android:icon="drawable resource"
android:label="string resource"
android:name="string"
android:permission="string"
android:targetActivity="string" >
. . .
</activity-alias>

它可以包含：

<intent-filter>

<meta-data>

10. <service> </service>

<service android:enabled=["true" | "false"]
android:exported=["true" | "false"]
android:icon="drawable resource"
android:isolatedProcess=["true" | "false"]
android:label="string resource"
android:name="string"
android:permission="string"
android:process="string" >
. . .
</service>

它可以包含：

<intent-filter>

<meta-data>