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DBUtils使用详细示例

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package com.exam.test;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;

import com.exam.db.DbManager;

import com.exam.util.BasicRowProcessorEx;

public class TestSomething extends TestCase {

public void testDBUtilSelect() {

Connection conn = DbManager.getInstance().getConnection();

QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();

try {

// 返回单行记录,使用Map

System.out.println("使用Map处理单行记录!");

Map<String, Object> map = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select * from tab where rownum=1", new MapHandler(),

(Object[]) null);

for (Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> i = map.entrySet().iterator(); i

.hasNext();) {

Entry<String, Object> e = i.next();

System.out.println(e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue());

}

System.out.println("处理多行记录!");

List<Map<String, Object>> list = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select * from tab where rownum<=3", new MapListHandler(),

(Object[]) null);

for (Iterator<Map<String, Object>> li = list.iterator(); li

.hasNext();) {

System.out.println("--------------");

Map<String, Object> m = li.next();

for (Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> mi = m.entrySet()

.iterator(); mi.hasNext();) {

Entry<String, Object> e = mi.next();

System.out.println(e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue());

}

}

System.out.println("使用Bean处理单行记录!");

// com.exam.test.TestSomething.Tab

Tab tab = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select tname from tab where rownum=1",

new BeanHandler<Tab>(Tab.class));

System.out.println("tname=" + tab.getTname());

System.out.println("tabtype=" + tab.getTabtype());

System.out.println("使用Array处理单行记录!");

Object[] array = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select * from tab where rownum=1", new ArrayHandler());

for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {

System.out.println(array[i]);

}

System.out.println("使用Array处理多行记录!");

List<Object[]> arraylist = queryRunner

.query(conn, "select * from tab where rownum<=3",

new ArrayListHandler());

for (Iterator<Object[]> itr = arraylist.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {

Object[] a = itr.next();

System.out.println("--------------");

for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {

System.out.println(a[i]);

}

}

System.out.println("使用ColumnListHandler处理单行记录,返回其中指定的一列!");

List<Object> colList = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select * from tab where rownum=1", new ColumnListHandler(

"tname"));

for (Iterator<Object> itr = colList.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {

System.out.println(itr.next());

}

System.out

.println("使用ScalarHandler处理单行记录,只返回结果集第一行中的指定字段,如未指定字段,则返回第一个字段!");

Object scalar1 = queryRunner.query(conn, "select * from tab",

new ScalarHandler("tname"));

System.out.println(scalar1);

Object scalar2 = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select tname,tabtype from tab", new ScalarHandler());

System.out.println(scalar2);

// 使用自定义的行处理器

// Map中的KEY可按输入顺序输出

System.out.println("使用Map处理单行记录(使用自定义行处理器)!");

Map<String, Object> linkedmap = queryRunner

.query(

conn,

"select tabtype,tname,'wallimn' as programmer from tab where rownum=1",

new MapHandler(new BasicRowProcessorEx()),

(Object[]) null);

for (Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> i = linkedmap.entrySet()

.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {

Entry<String, Object> e = i.next();

System.out.println(e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue());

}

// 使用自定义的行处理器

// Map中的KEY可按输入顺序输出

System.out.println("处理多行记录(使用自定义行处理器)!");

List<Map<String, Object>> listLinedMap = queryRunner

.query(

conn,

"select tabtype,tname,'wallimn' as programmer from tab where rownum<=3",

new MapListHandler(new BasicRowProcessorEx()),

(Object[]) null);

for (Iterator<Map<String, Object>> li = listLinedMap.iterator(); li

.hasNext();) {

System.out.println("--------------");

Map<String, Object> m = li.next();

for (Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> mi = m.entrySet()

.iterator(); mi.hasNext();) {

Entry<String, Object> e = mi.next();

System.out.println(e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue());

}

}

} catch (SQLException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);

}

public void testDBUtilInsertDeleteUpdateSelect() {

// 建一个简单的测试表,建表脚本如下

// create table T_DBUTILTEST(

// id integer,

// name varchar2(255)

// );

Connection conn = DbManager.getInstance().getConnection();

QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(true);

try {

queryRunner.update(conn, "delete from T_DBUTILTEST");

// queryRunner.update(conn, "truncate table T_DBUTILTEST");

// 插一条

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

queryRunner.update(conn,

"insert into T_DBUTILTEST (id,name) values (?,?)", i,

"http://wallimn.iteye.com");

}

// 再插多条

queryRunner.batch(conn,

"insert into T_DBUTILTEST (id,name) values (?,?)",

new Object[][] { { 11, "batch:wallimn@sohu.com" },

{ 12, "batch:wallimn@sohu.com" } });

// 删除示例

queryRunner.update(conn, "delete from T_DBUTILTEST where id=1");

queryRunner.update(conn, "delete from T_DBUTILTEST where id=?", 2);

queryRunner.batch(conn, "delete from T_DBUTILTEST where id=?",

new Object[][] { { 3 }, { 4 } });

// 修改示例

queryRunner.update(conn,

"update T_DBUTILTEST set name = ? where id=?", "修改后的新值", 5);

System.out.println("最终结果显示结果");

List<Map<String, Object>> list = queryRunner.query(conn,

"select name,id from T_DBUTILTEST", new MapListHandler(),

(Object[]) null);

for (Iterator<Map<String, Object>> li = list.iterator(); li

.hasNext();) {

System.out.println("--------------");

Map<String, Object> m = li.next();

for (Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> mi = m.entrySet()

.iterator(); mi.hasNext();) {

Entry<String, Object> e = mi.next();

System.out.print(e.getValue());

System.out.print(",");

}

System.out.println();

}

} catch (SQLException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);

}

}

二、自定义扩展

  如果用户想要依照存入Map的顺序显示内容,好像不能直接支持。看了看源码,自定义了一个扩展类。用法在前的代码中有示例。

package com.exam.util;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BasicRowProcessor;

/**

* 用于apache的dbutil类的功能改进,当需要Map中的Key能按输入的顺序输出时,使用这个类来进行处理。简单改了一下基类。<br/>

* 编码:wallimn 时间:2012-7-25 上午11:07:06<br/>

* 版本:V1.0<br/>

*/

public class BasicRowProcessorEx extends BasicRowProcessor {

private static class CaseInsensitiveLinkedHashMap extends HashMap<String, Object> {

private final Map<String, String> lowerCaseMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();

private static final long serialVersionUID = -2848100435296897392L;

/** {@inheritDoc} */

@Override

public boolean containsKey(Object key) {

Object realKey = lowerCaseMap.get(key.toString().toLowerCase());

return super.containsKey(realKey);

}

/** {@inheritDoc} */

@Override

public Object get(Object key) {

Object realKey = lowerCaseMap.get(key.toString().toLowerCase());

return super.get(realKey);

}

/** {@inheritDoc} */

@Override

public Object put(String key, Object value) {

Object oldKey = lowerCaseMap.put(key.toLowerCase(), key);

Object oldValue = super.remove(oldKey);

super.put(key, value);

return oldValue;

}

/** {@inheritDoc} */

@Override

public void putAll(Map<? extends String, ?> m) {

for (Map.Entry<? extends String, ?> entry : m.entrySet()) {

String key = entry.getKey();

Object value = entry.getValue();

this.put(key, value);

}

}

/** {@inheritDoc} */

@Override

public Object remove(Object key) {

Object realKey = lowerCaseMap.remove(key.toString().toLowerCase());

return super.remove(realKey);

}

}

@Override

public Map<String, Object> toMap(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

Map<String, Object> result = new CaseInsensitiveLinkedHashMap();

ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();

int cols = rsmd.getColumnCount();

for (int i = 1; i <= cols; i++) {

result.put(rsmd.getColumnName(i), rs.getObject(i));

}

return result;

}

}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Apache DBUtils使用总结

[align=center]Apache DBUtils使用总结[/align]

DBUtils是个小巧的JDBC轻量级封装的工具包,其最核心的特性是结果集的封装,可以直接将查询出来的结果集封装成JavaBean,这就为我们做了最枯燥乏味、最容易出错的一大部分工作。

在使用DBUtils之前,应该注意一些问题:

1、DBUtils是JDBC的简单封装,可以和JDBC混合使用。

2、DBUtils对结果集自动封装为JavaBean是有着苛刻要求的:必须满足JavaBean的规范,其次Bean的getter与setter方法的名字与结果集的列名一一对应,而不要求JavaBean的私有成员与表结果集列名一一对应。
比如:
person表中有个字段叫:address,那么对应的JavaBean的Person类中必须有getAddress和setAddress两个方法,而Person类中可以将address属性命名为add,这是没问题的。

3、DBUtils可以将结果集封装为各种类型,主要有:Bean/List<Bean>,Map/List<Map>/Map<Map>,数组/List<数组>,列/List<列>,这些类型。
对于Map<Map>的类型使用KeyedHandler作为结果集处理器,内层的Map是“列名-值"对,外层的Map是“主键-内层Map的引用”,但此处的主键不一定就是数据库的主键,可以随意指定,比如:

ResultSetHandler h = new KeyedHandler("id");

Map found = (Map) queryRunner.query("select id, name, age from person", h);

Map jane = (Map) found.get(new Long(1));
// jane's id is 1

String janesName = (String) jane.get("name");

Integer janesAge = (Integer) jane.get("age");

4、DBUtils执行插入操作的时候,无法返回自增主键,这是一个很严重的问题,当然不能怪DBUtils,可以通过变通的方法来实现,比如在MySQL中,执行完了一个插入SQL后,接着执行SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()语句,就可以获取到自增主键。

5、DBUtils的性能和JDBC性能是一样,测试过程中没发现性能损失,拥有了很高性能的同时,而不失JDBC的灵活性。

6、对于JavaBean的成员类型定义,有一条原则那就是:尽可能使用包装类型,而不要使用基本类型。很多人不理解为什么,包括我见到一些傻B(,我提出让改为包装类型,他还信誓旦旦的说他的代码多牛多叼),都干好多年了,这个简单的道理还不知道:
//错误

int a1 = (Integer) null;

boolean x1 = (Boolean)null;

//正确

Integer a2 = (Integer) null;

Boolean x2 = (Boolean)null;

实际上就是为了保证在查询结果为null的时候,也不会因为给基本类型赋null值而发生错误。

下面给出一个简单例子,作为以后写代码时候有点参考:

环境:
MySQL5.4
JDK1.5

建表SQL:

CREATE TABLE person (

id bigint(20)
NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

name varchar(24)
DEFAULT NULL,

age int(11) DEFAULT
NULL,

address varchar(120)
DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk

Java代码:

public class Person {

private Long id;

private String sdf;

private String address2;

private Integer age;

public Person() {

}

public Person(String sdf) {

this.sdf = sdf;

}

public Person(String sdf, Integer age, String address) {

this.sdf = sdf;

this.age = age;

this.address2 = address;

}

public Long getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getSdf() {

return sdf;

}

public void setSdf(String sdf) {

this.sdf = sdf;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address2;

}

public void setAddress(String address2) {

this.address2 = address2;

}

}

测试

package com.lavasoft.dbstu;

import com.lavasoft.common.DBToolkit;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.

*

* @author leizhimin 2010-1-25 21:00:29

*/

public class PersonDAOImpl
implements PersonDAO {

private static PersonDAOImpl instance =
new PersonDAOImpl();

public static PersonDAOImpl getInstance() {

return instance;

}

public static
void main(String[] args) {

//错误

int a1 = (Integer)
null;

boolean x1 = (Boolean)
null;

//正确

Integer a2 = (Integer) null;

Boolean x2 = (Boolean) null;

getInstance().save(null);

// getInstance().save(null);

// getInstance().save(null);

// getInstance().save(null);

// getInstance().save(null);

getInstance().update(null);

getInstance().load(null);

getInstance().load4Map(null);

}

@Override

public Long save(String sql) {

Long id = null;

String ins_sql = "INSERT INTO person (NAME, age, address) VALUES ('aaa', 21, 'address001')";

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

qr.update(conn, ins_sql);

//获取新增记录的自增主键

id = (Long) qr.query(conn, "SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()",
new ScalarHandler(1));

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);

}

return id;

}

@Override

public int delete(Long id) {

int x = 0;

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

x = qr.update(conn, "DELETE FROM person WHERE id = ?", id);

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);

}

return x;

}

@Override

public int update(Person person) {

int x = 0;

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

x = qr.update(conn, "UPDATE person SET NAME = ?, age = ?, address = ? WHERE id = ?",
"xxx", 23, "ttt", 5);

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);

}

return x;

}

@Override

public Person load(Long id) {

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

Person person = (Person) qr.query(conn,
"SELECT * FROM person where id = ?", new BeanHandler(Person.class), 3L);

System.out.println(person.getId() +
"\t" + person.getSdf() + "\t" + person.getAge() +
"\t" + person.getAddress());

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return
null;

}

@Override

public List<Person> findPerson(String sql) {

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

List<Person> pset = (List) qr.query(conn,
"SELECT * FROM person", new BeanListHandler(Person.class));

for (Person person : pset) {

System.out.println(person.getId() +
"\t" + person.getSdf() + "\t" + person.getAge() +
"\t" + person.getAddress());

}

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return
null;

}

public Person load4Map(Long id) {

Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

try {

//先将两个字段置为null

qr.update(conn, "update person set age =
null,address =null where id =1");

Map<String, Object> map = qr.query(conn,
"SELECT * FROM person where id = ?", new MapHandler(), 1L);

Person person = new Person();

person.setId((Long) map.get("id"));

person.setSdf((String) map.get("name"));

person.setAge((Integer) map.get("age"));

person.setAddress((String) map.get("address"));

System.out.println(person.getId() +
"\t" + person.getSdf() + "\t" + person.getAge() +
"\t" + person.getAddress());

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return
null;

}

}

注意:
从上面的过程看,每个SQL的执行都需要用到QueryRunner,这其实是一个普通的类,非线程安全。在创建这个QueryRunner对象的时候,每次都要new。

QueryRunner对象的创建方式很多,可以通过DateSource,也可以通过Connection来创建。从QueryRunner对象上,可以直接获取到DataSource或者Connection对象。

如果你想看更多例子:
http://jzinfo.javaeye.com/blog/543929
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