【Android基础入门〖17〗】自定义标签 和 自定义组件

1    自定义标签

这是我的模板项目目录

 


 

既然想像 android:text  那样使用自己的标签，那么首先得有标签。
在 res/values/ 下我新建了个 mm_tag.xml (切记不可出现大写，只能是 小写字母、数字、下划线)

第一步:    自定义 标签    

mm_tag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="GridItem">
<attr name="bkground" format="reference|color"/>
<attr name="text1"    format="string"/>
<attr name="text2"    format="string"/>
<attr name="image"    format="reference|integer"/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>

format 参考:
1. reference：参考某一资源ID
2. color：颜色值
3. boolean：布尔值
4. dimension：尺寸值
5. float：浮点值
6. integer：整型值
7. string：字符串
8. fraction：百分数
9. enum：枚举值

//属性定义：
< declare -styleable name = "名称" >
<attr name = "orientation" >
<enum name = "horizontal" value = "0" />
<enum name = "vertical" value = "1" />
</attr>
</ declare -styleable>

//属性使用：
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>

10. flag：位或运算

//属性定义：
< declare -styleable name = "名称" >
<attr name = "windowSoftInputMode" >
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
</attr>
</ declare -styleable>

//属性使用：
<activity
android: name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged　|　stateHidden" >
<intent-filter>
< action android: name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android: name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

11.注意：属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

//属性定义：
< declare -styleable name = "名称" >
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</ declare -styleable>

//属性使用：
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android: background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" />

第二步:    在自定义组件中获得标签传回的数据

比如我们在布局中使用自定义组件 GridItem:
首先 声明好 标签的命名空间

xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template"
//对比下 android 的命名空间:
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

发现只有 res/后面的不同，com.mm.template 是我的应用程序包名，通过上文中的 项目目录图片可以看出来，
griditem 是我随便想的一个命名空间的名字。
接下来就是使用自定义组件

< com.mm.template.GridItem
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"
android:padding = "5dp"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:layout_weight = "1"
griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"
griditem:text1 = "Android"       griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />

其中 用到了我们的自定义标签：

griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"
griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"
griditem:text1 = "Android"
griditem:text2 = "手机开发"

怎么获取标签传回的数据呢呢？
在自定义组件 GridItem 的实现代码中使用如下方法即可

public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);

TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);

bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);
text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);
text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);
image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);

typedarray.recycle();

view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);

layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);
textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);
textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);
imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);

layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);	//设置背景色
textview1.setText(text1);				//设置第一行文字
textview2.setText(text2);				//设置第二行文字
imageview.setImageDrawable(image);		//设置图标
}

即可获得 我们自定义标签传过来的数据，并且正确的在界面中显示出来。
下面我将结合自定义 组件 GridItem 来一起讲。

2    自定义组件

我想实现一个组件，类似于这样的
 


 
方法有很多种，自定义布局即可，现在我想让它以组件的形式在 布局中直接 像 TextView 一样使用，



那么就用到自定义组件。
下面我将实现一个自定义组件 GridItem 实现。
 
一般都是继承于 Layout（我用继承于View时出现问题 ~~!）
GridItem.java

package com.mm.template;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class GridItem extends LinearLayout {

private	int bk_color;	//背景色
private String text1;	//第一行文字
private String text2;	//第二行文字
private Drawable image;	//图标

private LinearLayout layout;
private TextView textview1;
private TextView textview2;
private ImageView imageview;

private View view;

public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);

TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);

bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);
text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);
text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);
image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);

typedarray.recycle();

view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);

layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);
textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);
textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);
imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);

layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);	//设置背景色
textview1.setText(text1);				//设置第一行文字
textview2.setText(text2);				//设置第二行文字
imageview.setImageDrawable(image);		//设置图标
}

}

这个自定义组件 GridItem 用到的布局文件
mm_grid_item.xml

<? xml   version = "1.0"    encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android: id = "@+id/item_layout"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android: background = "@color/black"
android:padding = "3dp"
android:paddingLeft = "6dp"
tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription"    >
< TextView
android: id = "@+id/text1"
android:layout_weight = "1"
style = "@style/MM_TextView" />
< TextView
android: id = "@+id/text2"
android:layout_weight = "1"
android:textSize = "12sp"
style = "@style/MM_TextView" />
< ImageView
android: id = "@+id/imageview"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "0dp"
android:layout_gravity = "right"
android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1"
android:layout_weight = "2"
android:layout_marginTop = "10dp"
android:scaleType = "fitCenter" />

<!--图片缩放
android:scaleX="0.8"
android:scaleY="0.8" --> </ LinearLayout >

3    使用方法

在 main_layout.xml (我的主布局文件)中使用

< LinearLayout   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android: background = "@color/white"
android:orientation = "vertical"
tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription,NestedWeights"    >

<!-- Head start -->
< LinearLayout
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "44dp"
android:orientation = "horizontal"
android:padding = "10dp"
android: background = "@color/red" >
< ImageView
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1"    />
< TextView
android:layout_width = "0dp"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android:layout_weight = "1"
android:gravity = "center"
android: text = "测试案例"
android:textStyle = "bold"
android:textSize = "16sp"
android:textColor = "@android:color/white" />
< ImageView
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_2"    />
</ LinearLayout >
<!-- Head end   -->

<!-- Search start-->
< LinearLayout
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "36dp"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:paddingTop = "3dp"
android:layout_margin = "8dp" >
< EditText
android: id = "@+id/search_edit"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "match_parent"
android:drawableLeft = "@drawable/mm_search"
android: background = "@drawable/mm_shape_editview"
android:hint = "请输入关键字"
android:textSize = "16sp"
android:textColorHint = "@color/darkgray"
android:textStyle = "bold"
android:padding = "6dp" />
</ LinearLayout >
<!-- Search end  -->
<!-- GridItem start  -->
< LinearLayout
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "0dp"
android:layout_weight = "1"
android:orientation = "horizontal"
android:layout_margin = "10dp" >
< com.mm.template.GridItem
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"
android:padding = "5dp"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:layout_weight = "1"
griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"
griditem:text1 = "Android"
griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />
< com.mm.template.GridItem
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_2"
android:padding = "5dp"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:layout_weight = "1"
griditem:bkground = "@color/blueviolet"
griditem:text1 = "C++"
griditem:text2 = "编程语言" />
< com.mm.template.GridItem
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_3"
android:padding = "5dp"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:layout_weight = "1"
griditem:bkground = "@color/blue"
griditem:text1 = "服务端"
griditem:text2 = "后台开发" />
</ LinearLayout >
<!-- GridItem end  --> </ LinearLayout >

也就是 <com /> 标签为我们自定义的 GridItem 组件。

4    结果展示

 

 


 
 
 
参考来源： <http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62ef2f14010105vi.html>
 
 
注：转载请注明出处
:)   毕竟代码是一个一个敲出来的啊，O(∩_∩)O~