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Linux/Unix shell 脚本跨服务器跨实例执行SQL

2013-08-22 17:51 281 查看

      在DB运维的过程中，难免碰到需要跨多个服务器以及多个Oracle实例查询数据库的情形。比如我们需要查看当前所有生产环境数据库上open_cursor参数的值以便考虑是否需要增加。而需要查看的数据库服务器上有多个实例，同时又存在多个数据库服务器，这样子下来，几十个DB，上百个的情形一个个查，那得把人给累死。那就像点办法撒，写个shell脚本，轮巡所有服务器及服务器上的所有实例。见本文的描述。
     关于shell脚本中如何调用SQL，可以参考下列链接:
         Linux/Unix shell 脚本中调用SQL,RMAN脚本
         Linux/Unix shell sql 之间传递变量

1、使用ssh-keygen生成密钥实现快速登陆要跨服务器自动执行脚本，得需要实现免密码自动登陆，然后才能在多个服务器之间跳转，因此我们首先需要生成登陆密钥。
生存登陆密钥需要三个步骤，在本地机器创建密钥，复制公钥要远程主机，将公钥追加到远程主机的authorized_keys
下面是一个操作示例:

oracle@linux1:~> mkdir ~/.ssh #首先在本地创建.ssh目录并赋予权限
oracle@linux1:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh
oracle@linux1:~> ssh-keygen -t rsa #使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对，也可以使用dsa方式
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
01:c8:48:01:f2:3d:a7:b4:cd:4a:9c:10:2d:ba:ef:4e oracle@linux1

oracle@linux2:~> mkdir ~/.ssh #远程服务器创建.ssh目录并赋予权限
oracle@linux2:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh

oracle@linux1:~> scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.168.1.196:~/.ssh #复制公钥到远程服务器，即机器linux2
The authenticity of host '172.168.1.196 (172.168.1.196)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 08:3d:69:80:85:1d:ce:57:32:e0:72:e0:38:66:0c:36.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.168.1.196' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 393 0.4KB/s 00:00

oracle@linux2:~> cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys #将公钥追加到远程服务器的authorized_keys

oracle@linux1:~> ssh 172.168.1.196 date #验证是否需要输入密码
Thu Aug 22 10:50:47 HKT 2013

2、使用tnsnames方式轮巡多服务器及实例 #下面是通过tnsnames方式进行轮巡的shell脚本，也就是仅仅需要从远程服务器获取/etc/oratab下的所有实例即可
#需要注意的：
# a. 确保本地环境存在到所有远程服务器的tnsnames连接字符串，如果没有也没有关系，会收到错误
# b. 需要所有被轮巡数据库的用户及密码并具有相应的权限
# c. 如果所需要执行的sql属于比较复杂的情形，我们可以将sql语句写入到一个单独的文件，然后调用

oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_tns.sh
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# Script Name: query_multi_inst_tns.sh |
# Desc: This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file, |
# after that look through oratab and execute SQL for each instance |
# in local machine by tnsnames. |
# Req: Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host |
# Add Oracle Net string to local tnsnames.ora for each remote instance |
# Author : Robinson |
# Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612 |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
#!/bin/bash

# --------------------------------------------
# Set environment vairable and define variable
# --------------------------------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

ORATAB=/etc/oratab
RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts
LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst.log

# -------------------------------
# take a loop in each hostname
# -------------------------------

{
for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`
do
echo "************************************"
echo "Current host is $host."
echo "************************************"
echo ""

# ---------------------------
# take a loop in ORATAB file
# ---------------------------

for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`
do
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "Current database is $db. "
echo "------------------------------------"
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -S usr/passwd@$db <<EOF
col name format a30
col value format a20
select name,value from v\$parameter where name='open_cursors';
exit
EOF
done
done
}|tee -a ${LOGFILE} 2>&1
exit
3、直接在远程服务器环境轮巡所有实例 #下面是直接在远程主机环境执行SQL并轮巡的shell脚本，这种方式可以用于没有或不知道数据库用户及密码的情形
#需要注意的：
# a. 该方式使用了基于操作系统用户身份验证，应确保支持该方式
# b. 如果需要执行的SQL语句比较复杂，直接嵌套的shell脚本也复杂。如果写成.sql文件，每一个服务器需要存在一个副本

oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_notns.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# Script Name: query_multi_inst_notns.sh |
# Desc: This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file, |
# after that look through oratab and execute SQL in each remote instance. |
# Req: Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host |
# Author : Robinson |
# Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612 |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
#
# --------------------------------------------
# Set environment vairable and define variable
# --------------------------------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

ORATAB=/etc/oratab
RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts
LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst_notns.log

# -------------------------------
# take a loop in each hostname
# -------------------------------

{
for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`
do
echo "************************************"
echo "Current host is $host."
echo "************************************"
echo ""

# ---------------------------
# take a loop in ORATAB file
# ---------------------------

for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`
do
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "Current database is $db. "
echo "------------------------------------"
home=`ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# | grep $db |cut -d ":" -f2`
ssh $host "
export ORACLE_SID=$db
export ORACLE_HOME=${home}
${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/sqlplus -S / as sysdba <<EOF
col name format a30
col value format a20
select name,value from v\\"\$"parameter where name='open_cursors';
exit
EOF"
done
done
}|tee -a ${LOGFILE} 2>&1
exit
4、测试#使用tnsnames方式测试
oracle@linux1:~> ./query_multi_inst_tns.sh
************************************
Current host is 172.168.2.196.
************************************

------------------------------------
Current database is US001.
------------------------------------

NAME VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
open_cursors 300

------------------------------------
Current database is US002.
------------------------------------

NAME VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
open_cursors 300

------------------------------------
Current database is US003. #这个是没有tnsnames的情形
------------------------------------
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified

#直接在远程服务器环境轮巡测试
oracle@linux1:~> ./query_multi_inst_notns.sh
************************************
Current host is 172.168.1.196.
************************************

------------------------------------
Current database is US001.
------------------------------------

NAME VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
open_cursors 300

------------------------------------
Current database is US002.
------------------------------------

NAME VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
open_cursors 300

------------------------------------
Current database is US005. #远程服务器上的实例没有启动的情形
------------------------------------
select name,value from v$parameter where name='open_cursors'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

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