使用python发邮件

下面简单介绍下如何使用python发送邮件，包括普通文本内容，也可以带附件，或者HTML内容的邮件。可以说有了python，一切都变得非常的容易。

smtplib 模块是用来发送email的标准module，另外配合email.mime内的几个module实现起来就非常的简单。

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def sendmail(message):
try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST)
smtp.login(EMAIL_USER, EMAIL_PWD)
smtp.sendmail(EMAIL_USER+"@"+EMAIL_POSTFIX, TO_EMAIL, message)
smtp.quit()
print 'email send success.'
except Exception ,e:
print e
print 'email send failed.'

def sendmail(message):
try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST)
smtp.login(EMAIL_USER, EMAIL_PWD)
smtp.sendmail(EMAIL_USER+"@"+EMAIL_POSTFIX, TO_EMAIL, message)
smtp.quit()
print 'email send success.'
except Exception ,e:
print e
print 'email send failed.'

首先要导入smtplib模块，加入import smtplib，初始化的时候直接连上邮箱服务器，也就是上面的EMAIL_HOST（我使用的是163邮箱，所以定义EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'），由于目前的邮箱基本都需要登录才可以使用，所以要调用smtp.login()函数，输入用户和密码。

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def sendwithoutattachment(): msg = MIMEText(getcontent(), 'plain','utf-8') getheader(msg) sendmail(msg.as_string())

def sendwithoutattachment():
msg = MIMEText(getcontent(), 'plain','utf-8')
getheader(msg)

sendmail(msg.as_string())

我将发送简单文本内容的邮件单独独立为一个函数，使用MIMEText生成，注意这里用到了utf-8，因为内容有可能是中文，所以要特别指定。如果要发送html内容，则讲plain更改为html即可。

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def getheader(msg): msg['From'] = ME msg['To'] = ";".join(TO_EMAIL) msg['Subject'] = EMAIL_HEADER msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)

def getheader(msg):
msg['From'] = ME
msg['To'] = ";".join(TO_EMAIL)
msg['Subject'] = EMAIL_HEADER
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)

getheader函数是用来设置发送者，接受者，主题和发送时间的。

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def getcontent(): path = os.getcwd() file = os.path.join(path, CONTENT_FILE_NAME) content = open(file, 'rb') data = content.read() try: data = data.decode('gbk') except : data = data.decode('gbk','ignore') content.close() return data

def getcontent():
path = os.getcwd()
file = os.path.join(path, CONTENT_FILE_NAME)
content = open(file, 'rb')
data = content.read()
try:
data = data.decode('gbk')
except :
data = data.decode('gbk','ignore')
content.close()
return data

至于邮件正文，我是事先写到一个TXT文档中，读取出来。这样也比较隐蔽。：）要主意中文编码。

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def getattachment(msg):
ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(ACCESSORY_FULLPATH)
if ctype is None or encoding is not None:
ctype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)

#Formating accessory data

data = open(ACCESSORY_FULLPATH, 'rb')
file_msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
file_msg.set_payload(data.read( ))
data.close( )
encode_base64(file_msg)
#file_msg["Content-Type"] = ctype # if add type then return error 10054

file_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename = ACCESSORY_NAME)
msg.attach(file_msg)

def getattachment(msg):
ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(ACCESSORY_FULLPATH)
if ctype is None or encoding is not None:
ctype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)

#Formating accessory data
data = open(ACCESSORY_FULLPATH, 'rb')
file_msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
file_msg.set_payload(data.read( ))
data.close( )
encode_base64(file_msg)
#file_msg["Content-Type"] = ctype # if add type then return error 10054
file_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename = ACCESSORY_NAME)
msg.attach(file_msg)

附件同样独立为一个函数来创建，这里要注意的是不要指定“Content-Type”类型，否则无法发送邮件。这个问题还没有解决。

以上基本包括了发送邮件的主要几个函数，具体smtplib模块和MIME等内容，资料很多，这里就不详细讲解了，有感兴趣的可以上网search。