外部表和文件导入数据

一、创建目录，路径需要存在

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create or replace directory sqldr as '/opt/oracle/sqldr';

Directory created.

二、创建表空间

SQL> create tablespace jerry datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/jerry01.dbf' size 100m autoextend on segment space management auto;

Tablespace created.

三、创建用户

SQL> create user jerry identified by jerry default tablespace jerry;

User created.

四、授权给用户

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to jerry;

Grant succeeded.

五、授权给用户在目录上的操作权限

SQL> grant read, write on directory sqldr to jerry;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a40

SQL> select * from dba_directories where directory_name='SQLDR';

OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

SYS SQLDR /opt/oracle/sqldr

六、创建外部表

SQL> conn jerry/jerry

Connected.

SQL> create table users (

2 username varchar2(30),

3 user_id number,

4 password varchar2(30)

5 )

6 organization external

7 (

8 type oracle_loader

9 default directory sqldr

10 access parameters

11 (

12 records delimited by newline characterset zhs16gbk

13 badfile 'SQLDR':'users.bad'

14 discardfile 'SQLDR':'users.dis'

15 LOGFILE 'SQLDR' : 'users.log'

16 readsize 1048576

17 fields terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"' ldrtrim

18 missing field values are null

19 reject rows with all null fields

20 (

21 username char(30)

22 terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"',

23 user_id char(30)

24 terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"',

25 password char(30)

26 terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"'

27 )

28 )

29 location('data.txt')

30 )

31 reject limit unlimited;

Table created.

SQL> select * from users;

no rows selected

七、在/opt/oracle/sqldr放置数据文件data.txt(路径即在/opt/oracle/sqldr下面)

SQL> ! vi data.txt

sys,1,abcd

scott,2,bcda

SQL> select * from users;

USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------

sys 1 abcd

scott 2 bcda

八、加载数据外部文件。

SQL> create table testusers(username varchar2(30),user_id varchar2(30),password varchar2(30));

Table created.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

九、从外部文件直接导入数据

[oracle@oraclelinux sqldr]$ sqlldr jerry/jerry control=import.ctl

SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 30 10:59:43 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Commit point reached - logical record count 2

[oracle@oraclelinux sqldr]$ sqlplus jerry/jerry

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 30 11:00:03 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> set linesize 900

SQL> select * From testusers;

USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

sys 1 abcd

scott 2 bcda

十、查看控制文件内容

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@oraclelinux sqldr]$ ls

data.txt import.ctl import.log users.dis users.log

[oracle@oraclelinux sqldr]$ vi import.ctl

load

infile '/opt/oracle/sqldr/data.txt'

badfile '/opt/oracle/sqldr/users.bad'

discardfile '/opt/oracle/sqldr/users.dis'

append

into table testusers

fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"'

trailing nullcols

(

username char(30),

user_id char(30),

password char(30)

)

[oracle@oraclelinux sqldr]$ sqlplus jerry/jerry

SQL> select * from testusers;

USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

sys 1 abcd

scott 2 bcda

SQL>

SQL> delete from testusers;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from testusers;

no rows selected

十一、从外部表导入数据

SQL> insert /*+append*/ into testusers select * from users;

2 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from testusers;

USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------

sys 1 abcd

scott 2 bcda

十二、删除外部表

SQL> drop table users;

Table dropped.

十三、删除目录

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

QL> drop directory SQLDR;

Directory dropped.