POJ 2069 Super Star（计算几何の最小球包含+模拟退火）

Description

During a voyage of the starship Hakodate-maru (see Problem 1406), researchers found strange synchronized movements of stars. Having heard these observations, Dr. Extreme proposed a theory of "super stars". Do not take this term as a description of actors or singers. It is a revolutionary theory in astronomy.
According to this theory, starts we are observing are
not independent objects, but only small portions of larger objects called super
stars. A super star is filled with invisible (or transparent) material, and only
a number of points inside or on its surface shine. These points are observed as
stars by us.

In order to verify this theory, Dr. Extreme wants to build
motion equations of super stars and to compare the solutions of these equations
with observed movements of stars. As the first step, he assumes that a super
star is sphere-shaped, and has the smallest possible radius such that the sphere
contains all given stars in or on it. This assumption makes it possible to
estimate the volume of a super star, and thus its mass (the density of the
invisible material is known).

You are asked to help Dr. Extreme by
writing a program which, given the locations of a number of stars, finds the
smallest sphere containing all of them in or on it. In this computation, you
should ignore the sizes of stars. In other words, a star should be regarded as a
point. You may assume the universe is a Euclidean space.
Input

The input consists of multiple data sets. Each data
set is given in the following format.

n
x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2
.
. .
xn yn zn

The first line of a data set contains an integer n,
which is the number of points. It satisfies the condition 4 <= n <= 30.

The location of n points are given by three-dimensional orthogonal
coordinates: (xi, yi, zi) (i = 1, ..., n). Three coordinates of a point appear
in a line, separated by a space character. Each value is given by a decimal
fraction, and is between 0.0 and 100.0 (both ends inclusive). Points are at
least 0.01 distant from each other.

The end of the input is indicated by
a line containing a zero.
Output

For each data set, the radius of the smallest sphere
containing all given points should be printed, each in a separate line. The
printed values should have 5 digits after the decimal point. They may not have
an error greater than 0.00001.

题目大意：给n个点，求能包含这n个点的最小的球的半径
思路：传说中的模拟退火算法，不断逼近最优解

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>

const int MAXN = 50;
const double EPS = 1e-6;

struct Point3D {
double x, y, z;
Point3D(double xx = 0, double yy = 0, double zz = 0):
x(xx), y(yy), z(zz) {}
};

Point3D operator - (const Point3D &a, const Point3D &b) {
return Point3D(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y, a.z - b.z);
}

double dist(const Point3D &a, const Point3D &b) {
Point3D c = a - b;
return sqrt(c.x * c.x + c.y * c.y + c.z * c.z);
}

Point3D p[MAXN];
int n;

void solve() {
Point3D s;
double delta = 100, ans = 1e20;
while(delta > EPS) {
int d = 0;
for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
if(dist(s, p[i]) > dist(s,p[d])) d = i;
double maxd = dist(s, p[d]);
if(ans > maxd) ans = maxd;
s.x += (p[d].x - s.x)/maxd*delta;
s.y += (p[d].y - s.y)/maxd*delta;
s.z += (p[d].z - s.z)/maxd*delta;
delta *= 0.98;
}
printf("%.5f\n", ans);
}

int main() {
while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF && n) {
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) scanf("%lf%lf%lf", &p[i].x, &p[i].y, &p[i].z);
solve();
}
}