Jenkins+PMD构建自动化静态代码检测

前言：软件缺陷是不可避免的，要尽量减少错误并提高软件质量，主要有两在类技术，即缺陷预防和缺陷检测

缺陷预防包括编写更好的设计规范、实施代码审核制度、运行代码静态分析工具、运行单元测试等

PMD是一种开源分析Java代码的工具，通过静态分析获知代码错误，该工具可以做到检查Java代码中是否含有未使用的变量、是否含有空的抓取块、是否含有不必要的对象等等

因此Jenkins+PMD构建自动化静态代码检测是很有必要的

PMD下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pmd/

下载后解压即可

PMD主要可以通过ant脚本来执行，编写ant的build文件，这里新建的为如buildPMD.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project name="pmd" default="pmd" basedir=".">
	
 <property environment="env">
 <property name="ExampleProject.location" value="../ExampleProject">
	<!-- 定义pmd的classpath，均为下载的pmd包解压后lib目录下的jar包-->
<path id="pmd.classpath">
  <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/asm-3.2.jar">
  <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/jaxen-1.1.1.jar">
  <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/junit-4.4.jar">
  <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/pmd-5.0.4.jar">

  <!--
  <fileset dir="${basedir}/lib/">
      <include name="**/*.jar">
  
  -->
</include></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></path>
<target depends="pmd_html" name="pmd">
  <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath">
   <!-- 定义代码检测规则，这里直接列出规则imports.xml和java-unusedcode规则，本例注释了，使用下面一种在另一文件中定义规则集-->
   <!--
  	<pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode">
   -->
    <!-- 定义PMD检测规则所在的文件，规则集在pmdrule.xml文件中定义-->
  	<pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8">
    <!-- 输出XML格式的报告-->
    <formatter type="html" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true">
    <!-- 静态代码检测ExampleProject工程下src目录下的所有java文件-->
    <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src">
        <include name="**/*.java">
    </include></fileset>
  </formatter></pmd>
</taskdef></target>

<target name="pmd_html">
  <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath">
  <!--
  	<pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode">
  -->
  	<pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8">
  <!-- 输出HTML格式的报告-->
    <formatter type="xml" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true">
    <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src">
        <include name="**/*.java">
    </include></fileset>
  </formatter></pmd>
</taskdef></target>

</project>

本文中定义了两个target，分别生成了XML和HTML格式的报告，因为在Jenkins中的分析插件需要用XML格式才能生成视图报告，而XML格式对于团队来说不直观，不宜发送邮件，因此生成两份报告，一份用于Jenkins分析，一份发送邮件用于团队成员直接查看

编写好buildPMD.xml，直接使用ant -f buildPMD.xml即可在CMD命令或Linux shell下执行PMD静态代码检测

在Jenkins中新建个任务，Build项Add build step中选择“Execute Shell”，输入ant -f buildPMD.xml即可

附：pmdrule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ruleset xmlns="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="pmdrule" xsi:schemalocation="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0 http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset_2_0_0.xsd">    <description>PMD Plugin preferences rule set</description>
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAbstractMethod">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAnyMethod">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AbstractNaming">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AccessorClassGeneration">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AddEmptyString">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AppendCharacterWithChar">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/sunsecure.xml/ArrayIsStoredDirectly">
   <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AssignmentInOperand">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AssignmentInOperand">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AssignmentToNonFinalStatic">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AtLeastOneConstructor">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidAccessibilityAlteration">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidArrayLoops">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidAssertAsIdentifier">
   <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/AvoidAxisNavigation">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidBranchingStatementAsLastInLoop">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/AvoidCallingFinalize">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingGenericException">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingNPE">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingThrowable">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidConstantsInterface">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidDecimalLiteralsInBigDecimalConstructor">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidDollarSigns">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidDuplicateLiterals">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidEnumAsIdentifier">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingMethodName">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingTypeName">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidFinalLocalVariable">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidInstantiatingObjectsInLoops">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidMultipleUnaryOperators">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidPrefixingMethodParameters">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-java.xml/AvoidPrintStackTrace">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidProtectedFieldInFinalClass">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidReassigningParameters">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidRethrowingException">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidStringBufferField">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidSynchronizedAtMethodLevel">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidThreadGroup">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidThrowingNullPointerException">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidThrowingRawExceptionTypes">
   <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AvoidTrailingComma">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidUsingHardCodedIP">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingNativeCode">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidUsingOctalValues">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingShortType">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingVolatile">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/BadComparison">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/javabeans.xml/BeanMembersShouldSerialize">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/BigIntegerInstantiation">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/BooleanGetMethodName">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/BooleanInstantiation">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/BooleanInversion">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/BrokenNullCheck">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ByteInstantiation">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/CallSuperFirst">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/CallSuperInConstructor">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/CallSuperLast">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/comments.xml/CommentContent">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/DefaultLabelNotLastInSwitchStmt">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/DoNotExtendJavaLangError">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DontCallThreadRun">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyInitializer">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/EmptyMethodInAbstractClassShouldBeAbstract">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyStatementBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyStatementBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyStatementNotInLoop">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyStatementNotInLoop">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyStaticInitializer">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptySwitchStatements">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptySynchronizedBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptySynchronizedBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyTryBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyTryBlock">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyWhileStmt">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyWhileStmt">
   <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/EqualComparison">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/EqualsNull">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/ExtendsObject">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/FinalFieldCouldBeStatic">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/FinalizeDoesNotCallSuperFinalize">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml/ForLoopsMustUseBraces">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/GlobalVariable">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/GodClass">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/IdempotentOperations">
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   <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertNullInsteadOfAssertTrue">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertSameInsteadOfAssertTrue">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertTrueInsteadOfAssertEquals">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseCollectionIsEmpty">
   <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/UseConcatOnce">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseConcurrentHashMap">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-jakarta-commons.xml/UseCorrectExceptionLogging">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseEqualsToCompareStrings">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseIndexOfChar">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseNotifyAllInsteadOfNotify">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseObjectForClearerAPI">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/UseProperClassLoader">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseSingleton">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseStringBufferForStringAppends">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseStringBufferLength">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseVarargs">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOverridingMethod">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOverridingMethod">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessParentheses">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessParentheses">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UselessStringValueOf">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/VariableNamingConventions">
   <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces">
   <rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces">

关于PMD rulesets规则的意思可以查看：http://pmd.sourceforge.net/pmd-5.0.4/rules/index.html