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postfix服务 配置

2013-07-02 17:02 211 查看
postfix(MTA)

邮件系统角色

1、MUA(邮件用户代理)
mail/mutt foxmail outlook web

2、MTA(邮件传输代理) exchange notes sendmail postfix qmail

3、MDA(邮件分发代理 )

邮件应用协议

1、SMTP,简单邮件传输协议,TCP 25端口,加密端口465,发邮件,一般工作在邮件服务器

2、POP3,第3版邮局协议,TCP 110端口,加密端口995接收邮件

3、IMAP4,第4版因特网消息访问协议,TCP 143端口,加密端口993

发)user01@sina.com.cn ---smtp---->(sina) ---smtp-----[google] {user02} ----pop3/imap4 (收)

MUA
MTA MDA 【MX】
MUA

测试邮件发送:

本机发送:

mail:(mail-->MTA(localhost:25)-->root@localhost-->/var/spool/mail/root)

# echo "123" | mail -s "a test mail" root@localhost

# sendmail a@localhost

hello,a.

test mail from sendmail.

.

网络发送:

telnet:

telnet localhost 25 --访问本机的邮件服务器

ehlo localhost --通告邮件服务器

mail from:root@localhost --发件人

rcpt to:a@localhost --收件人

data --邮件body

Subject:A Test Mail --主题

fdafdafdsa

fdafdfdsa

fdafdas --邮件的内容

. --结束

Postfix逻辑结构图

说明:

1、椭圆形的图标表示postfix程序

2、黄底方形的代表postfix的投递目录

3、蓝底方形的代表在投递过程中postfix进程调用外部的文件

结论:

1、postfix采用模块化设计,流水线作业。

2、postfix可以通过两种方式来接收邮件,一个本地(sendmail),另一个网络(smtp)

3、有三个出口,分别是local,smtp,pipe

安装postfix

1.如果有sendmail,需要先停掉旧的MTA

# service sendmail stop

# chkconfig sendmail off

2.安装postfix

# yum -y install postfix

# rpm -ql postfix

/etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix --pam验证设置,默认情况下postfix使用系统验证

/etc/postfix --存放配置文件

/etc/postfix/access --smtp访问控制

/etc/postfix/main.cf --主配置文件,postfix基本所有的配置都在此

/etc/postfix/master.cf --核心配置文件,实现邮件程序的调度

/sbin/ --postfix管理员命令(root)

/usr/libexec/postfix --所有用户都能调用的命令

/var/spool/postfix --邮件投递切换目录

/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix --启动脚本

实例:

postfix(MTA smtp)+dovecot(pop3/imap)+squirrelmail(webmail)+apache+php+bind

确认的DNS的配置(MX记录)/主机名,把邮件服务器的首选DNS指向正确的DNS服务器

# nslookup

> set type=mx

> baidu.com

Server: 192.168.0.39

Address: 192.168.0.39#53

baidu.com mail exchanger = 5 mail.baidu.com.

配置主机名:

# hostname mail.baidu.com

# vim /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=mail.baidu.com

# vim /etc/hosts

192.168.0.16 mail.baidu.com baidu.com mail

# postconf -n

alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases

command_directory = /usr/sbin

config_directory = /etc/postfix

daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix

debug_peer_level = 2

home_mailbox = Maildir/ --邮箱的存储格式,mailbox只有一个文件存储邮件

html_directory = no

inet_interfaces = all

mail_owner = postfix

mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix

manpage_directory = /usr/share/man

mydestination = $mydomain, localhost

mydomain = baidu.com

myhostname = mail.baidu.com

mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24

myorigin = $mydomain

newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix

queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix

readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES

sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix

setgid_group = postdrop

unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550

# service postfix restart

# chkconfig postfix on

# netstat -tnlp |grep :25 --postfix使用smtp协议

使用dovecot实现110/143收信

# yum -y install dovecot

# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf --让dovecot支持明文验证

disable_plaintext_auth = no

(error -ERR Plaintext authentication disallowed on non-secure (SSL/TLS) connections. )

# service dovecot start

# chkconfig dovecot on

netstat -tlp|grep dove

tcp 0 0 *:imaps *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot

tcp 0 0 *:pop3s *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot

tcp 0 0 *:pop3 *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot

tcp 0 0 *:imap *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot

# telnet localhost 110

Trying 127.0.0.1...

Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

user mail_a --使用mail_a登录

+OK

pass 123 --密码

+OK Logged in.

list --列出新邮件列表

+OK 1 messages:

1 499

.

retr 1 --读取编号为1的那封邮件.

2、使用outlook或者foxmail图形客户端来收取邮件

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

测试:

本地发送 echo "hello a" | mail -s "a test mail from local" a@baidu.com

收信:1)$HOME/Maildir

2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1

网络发送

[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 25

Trying ::1...

telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused

Trying 127.0.0.1...

Connected to localhost.

Escape character is '^]'.

220 mail.baidu.com ESMTP Postfix

ehlo localhost

250-mail.baidu.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 10240000

250-VRFY

250-ETRN

250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

250-8BITMIME

250 DSN

mail from:a@baidu.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:b@baidu.com

250 2.1.5 Ok

data

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

subject: a test mail

hi b!....

.

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 513CD609B4

quit

221 2.0.0 Bye

Connection closed by foreign host.

收信

1)$HOME/Maildir

2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1

[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 110

Trying ::1...

Connected to localhost.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

user b

+OK

pass 1

+OK Logged in.

list

+OK 1 messages:

1 432

.

retr 1

+OK 432 octets

Return-Path: <a@baidu.com>

X-Original-To: b@baidu.com

Delivered-To: b@baidu.com

Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])

by mail.baidu.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 513CD609B4

for <b@baidu.com>; Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)

subject: a test mail

Message-Id: <20130613061622.513CD609B4@mail.baidu.com>

Date: Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)

From: a@baidu.com

To: undisclosed-recipients:;

hi b!....

.
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