MySQL常用语法总结

第一部分：关于MySQL服务1.安装服务：mysqld --install MySQL-Service --defaults-file=C:\WINDOWS\my.ini2启动MySQL数据库 net start MySQL-Service3.停止MySQL服务:net stop MySQL-Service4.删除MySQLfuwu:sc deleteMySQL-Service 或者mysqld --remove（首先必须停止服务）第二部分:关于数据库1.连接数据库：mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -padmin-P33062.显示数据库：showdatabases;3.切换数据库：use数据库名;4. 建数据库：createdatabase  [if not exists] 数据库名;5.删除数据库：dropdatabase [if exists] 数据库名;6.显示表结构:desc 表名; show columns from 表名;7.数据库备份与恢复：1)mysqldump –u用户名 -p密码 数据库名>文件名  【备份】 . 如mysqldump -uroot -padmin test >"c:data.sql"2)mysqldump  -h主机名 –u用户名–p密码 数据库 表名1 表名2>文件名【备份】3)mysql –h 主机名 –u用户名 –p密码 数据库<文本文件   【恢复】4)select 语句 intooutfile “c:\\test.txt” 【备份】5)load data infile‘文件路径’ into table 表名 【恢复】注：表须存在第三部分:关于表的操作:1.Alert语法

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name
alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification:
ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
| ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...)
| ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
UNIQUE [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
[reference_definition]
| ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
| CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition
[FIRST|AFTER col_name]
| MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
| DROP [COLUMN] col_name
| DROP PRIMARY KEY
| DROP INDEX index_name
| DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol
| DISABLE KEYS
| ENABLE KEYS
| RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name
| ORDER BY col_name
| CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
| [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
| DISCARD TABLESPACE
| IMPORT TABLESPACE
| table_options
| partition_options
| ADD PARTITION partition_definition
| DROP PARTITION partition_names
| COALESCE PARTITION number
| REORGANIZE PARTITION partition_names INTO (partition_definitions)
| ANALYZE PARTITION partition_names
| CHECK PARTITION partition_names
| OPTIMIZE PARTITION partition_names
| REBUILD PARTITION partition_names
| REPAIR PARTITION partition_names

2.Create语法

;创建表

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

    [(create_definition,...)]

    [table_options] [select_statement]

;创建索引

CREATE [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] INDEX index_name

    [USING index_type]

    ON tbl_name (index_col_name,...)

3.Drop语法

;删除表

DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]

    tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...

    [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

;删除索引

DROP INDEX index_name ON tbl_name

4.Delete语法

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name

    [WHERE where_definition]

    [ORDER BY ...]

    [LIMIT row_count]

5.Insert语法

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]

    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]

    VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...

    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]