Spring事务配置的五种方式

Spring事务配置的五种方式
事务四大特性(简称ACID)

1、原子性(Atomicity)：事务中的全部操作在数据库中是不可分割的，要么全部完成，要么均不执行。

2、一致性(Consistency)：几个并行执行的事务，其执行结果必须与按某一顺序串行执行的结果相一致。

3、隔离性(Isolation)：事务的执行不受其他事务的干扰，事务执行的中间结果对其他事务必须是透明的。

4、持久性(Durability)：对于任意已提交事务，系统必须保证该事务对数据库的改变不被丢失，即使数据库出现故障。

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：





根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>

<property
name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>

</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->

<beanid="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->

<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<bean
id="userDao"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<!--配置事务管理器-->

<property
name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>

<property
name="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>

<property
name="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>

<!--配置事务属性-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>

<property
name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>

</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<bean
id="transactionBase"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"

lazy-init="true"abstract="true">

<!--配置事务管理器-->

<property
name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>

<!--配置事务属性-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->

<bean
id="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<bean
id="userDao"parent="transactionBase">

<property
name="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>

</bean>

</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>

<property
name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>

</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<bean
id="transactionInterceptor"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">

<property
name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>

<!--配置事务属性-->

<property
name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<bean
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">

<property
name="beanNames">

<list>

<value>*Dao</value>

</list>

</property>

<property
name="interceptorNames">

<list>

<value>transactionInterceptor</value>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->

<bean
id="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>

<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>

<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>

</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

<tx:advice
id="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">

<tx:attributes>

<tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>

</tx:attributes>

</tx:advice>

<aop:config>

<aop:pointcut
id="interceptorPointCuts"

expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>

<aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"

pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>

</aop:config>

</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>

<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean
id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property
name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>

<property
name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>

</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->

<bean
id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property
name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>

</bean>

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;

importjava.util.List;

importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;

importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;

importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional

@Component("userDao")

publicclassUserDaoImpl
extendsHibernateDaoSupport
implementsUserDao {

publicList<User>listUsers() {

returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from
User").list();

}

}