oracle技术之oracle数据泵不同工作方式性能比较（二）

根据Oracle的文档的描述，数据泵采用不同的方式导出导入，性能也会有明显的差别，这次正好有机会测试一下，迁移表空间、直接路径、外部表方式，以及数据库链方式导出、导入的性能差异。

首先检查源数据库的表空间是否满足自包含条件：

SQL> EXEC DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('TJSQ,TJSQ_TMP')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;

no rows selected

设置源数据库迁移表空间为只读状态：

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TJSQ READ ONLY;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TJSQ_TMP READ ONLY;

Tablespace altered.

下面利用数据泵执行表空间迁移的导出操作：

SQL> HOST

[oracle@yans2 ~]$ expdp system directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp transport_tablespaces=tjsq, tjsq_tmp

Export: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on Wednesday, 17 June, 2009 18:07:29

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp transport_tablespaces=tjsq, tjsq_tmp

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_TABLE_ACTION

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:

/data/dmp/tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 18:08:30

可以看到由于不需要导出表中的数据，因此导出操作十分迅速就完成了，只用了1分1秒。

下面利用DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包进行传送：

SQL> SET TIMING ON

SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq01.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq01.dbf')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:30:57.84

SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq02.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq02.dbf')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:06:29.41

SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq_tmp.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq_tmp.dbf')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:06:28.63

SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DMPDP', 'tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DMP', 'tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:03.22

DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包一共用了43分59秒。

现在可以将源数据库表空间至于可写状态。

目标数据库建立用户，并授权：

SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN;

User created.

SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE;

User created.

SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_GOV IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_GOV;

User created.

SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;

User created.

SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;

User created.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_GOV;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_GOV;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_GOV;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE DATABASE LINK TO TJSQ_TRADE;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;

Grant succeeded.

最后利用数据库执行导入操作：

[oracle@tj ~]$ impdp system dumpfile=tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_trans.log transport_datafiles=/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq01.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq02.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq_tmp.dbf

Import: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on星期三, 17 6月, 2009 19:59:58

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** dumpfile=tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_trans.log transport_datafiles=/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq01.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq02.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq_tmp.dbf

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_TABLE_ACTION

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 20:04:20

导入总共用了4分22秒。

由于传输表空间只会导入表空间包含的表、索引等数据对象，而过程、视图、同义词、序列等对象无法通过传输表空间完成：

SQL> SELECT OBJECT_TYPE, COUNT(*)

2 FROM DBA_OBJECTS

3 WHERE OWNER IN ('TJSQ_TRADE', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN', 'TJSQ_GOV', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER', 'TJSQ_TRADE_OPER')

4 GROUP BY OBJECT_TYPE

5 ORDER BY 1;

OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)

------------------- ----------

INDEX 938

INDEX PARTITION 16

LOB 7

TABLE 1237

TABLE PARTITION 113

可以看到目标数据库通过传输表空间只导入了索引、索引分区、大对象、表和表分区5种类型的对象。

而在源数据库检查对象包括：

SQL> SELECT OBJECT_TYPE

2 FROM DBA_OBJECTS

3 WHERE OWNER IN ('TJSQ_TRADE', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN', 'TJSQ_GOV', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER', 'TJSQ_TRADE_OPER')

4 GROUP BY OBJECT_TYPE

5 ORDER BY 1;

OBJECT_TYPE

-------------------

FUNCTION

INDEX

INDEX PARTITION

LOB

PACKAGE

PACKAGE BODY

PROCEDURE

SEQUENCE

SYNONYM

TABLE

TABLE PARTITION

11 rows selected.

下面利用数据泵的NETWORK_LINK方式导入其他对象：

[oracle@tj ~]$ impdp system network_link=NEWDEMO logfile=d_dmp:procedure.log schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper include=procedure include=package include=function include=synonym include=sequence

Import: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on星期四, 18 6月, 2009 10:27:02

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** network_link=NEWDEMO logfile=d_dmp:procedure.log schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper include=procedure include=package include=function include=synonym include=sequence

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYNONYM/SYNONYM

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 10:28:00

导入这些对象用时58秒。

建立记录表，记录用时：

SQL> CREATE TABLE T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD

2 (TYPE VARCHAR2(20),

3 EXPDP_TIME NUMBER,

4 TRANS_TIME NUMBER,

5 IMPDP_TIME NUMBER,

6 OTHER_TIME NUMBER,

7 TOTAL_TIME NUMBER);

Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD VALUES

2 ('TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE', 61, 43*60+59, 4*60+22, 58, 61+43*60+59+4*60+22+58);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD;

TYPE EXPDP_TIME TRANS_TIME IMPDP_TIME OTHER_TIME TOTAL_TIME

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE 61 2639 262 58 3020

数据泵进行表空间迁移28G的数据文件，总共用时50分钟20秒，其中导出、网络传输时间、导入时间和其他时间所占总体时间百分比如下：

SQL> SELECT ROUND(EXPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) EXPDP_RATE,

2 ROUND(TRANS_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) TRANS_RATE,

3 ROUND(IMPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) IMPDP_RATE,

4 ROUND(OTHER_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) OTHER_RATE

5 FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD

6 WHERE TYPE = 'TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE';

EXPDP_RATE TRANS_RATE IMPDP_RATE OTHER_RATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

2.02 87.38 8.68 1.92

超过87%的时间用在网络传送文件上，可以说对于迁移表空间而言，最大的瓶颈在于网络传送。如果采用千兆网络，那么可能传送的时间将缩短为现在时间的1/10，这种情况下，迁移表空间的效率无疑是相当高的，但是对于当前测试的情况，这种方式的导入效率并不算太高。

oracle视频教程请关注:http://u.youku.com/user_video/id_UMzAzMjkxMjE2.html