Spring事务配置的五种方式

Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：



根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
>

<
property
name
="configLocation"
value
="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"

/>

<
property
name
="configurationClass"
value
="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<
bean
id
="transactionManager"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
配置DAO
-->

<
bean
id
="userDaoTarget"
class
="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<
bean
id
="userDao"

class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
>

<!--
配置事务管理器
-->

<
property
name
="transactionManager"
ref
="transactionManager"

/>

<
property
name
="target"
ref
="userDaoTarget"

/>

<
property
name
="proxyInterfaces"
value
="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"

/>

<!--
配置事务属性
-->

<
property
name
="transactionAttributes"
>

<
props
>

<
prop
key
="*"
>
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
</
prop
>

</
props
>

</
property
>

</
bean
>

</
beans
>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
>

<
property
name
="configLocation"
value
="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"

/>

<
property
name
="configurationClass"
value
="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<
bean
id
="transactionManager"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<
bean
id
="transactionBase"

class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"

lazy-init
="true"
abstract
="true"
>

<!--
配置事务管理器
-->

<
property
name
="transactionManager"
ref
="transactionManager"

/>

<!--
配置事务属性
-->

<
property
name
="transactionAttributes"
>

<
props
>

<
prop
key
="*"
>
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
</
prop
>

</
props
>

</
property
>

</
bean
>

<!--
配置DAO
-->

<
bean
id
="userDaoTarget"
class
="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<
bean
id
="userDao"
parent
="transactionBase"

>

<
property
name
="target"
ref
="userDaoTarget"

/>

</
bean
>

</
beans
>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
>

<
property
name
="configLocation"
value
="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"

/>

<
property
name
="configurationClass"
value
="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<
bean
id
="transactionManager"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<
bean
id
="transactionInterceptor"

class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"
>

<
property
name
="transactionManager"
ref
="transactionManager"

/>

<!--
配置事务属性
-->

<
property
name
="transactionAttributes"
>

<
props
>

<
prop
key
="*"
>
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
</
prop
>

</
props
>

</
property
>

</
bean
>

<
bean
class
="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"
>

<
property
name
="beanNames"
>

<
list
>

<
value
>
*Dao
</
value
>

</
list
>

</
property
>

<
property
name
="interceptorNames"
>

<
list
>

<
value
>
transactionInterceptor
</
value
>

</
list
>

</
property
>

</
bean
>

<!--
配置DAO
-->

<
bean
id
="userDao"
class
="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

</
beans
>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

<
context:annotation-config
/>

<
context:component-scan
base-package
="com.bluesky"

/>

<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
>

<
property
name
="configLocation"
value
="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"

/>

<
property
name
="configurationClass"
value
="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<
bean
id
="transactionManager"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

<
tx:advice
id
="txAdvice"
transaction-manager
="transactionManager"
>

<
tx:attributes
>

<
tx:method
name
="*"
propagation
="REQUIRED"

/>

</
tx:attributes
>

</
tx:advice
>

<
aop:config
>

<
aop:pointcut
id
="interceptorPointCuts"

expression
="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"

/>

<
aop:advisor
advice-ref
="txAdvice"

pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts"

/>

</
aop:config
>

</
beans
>

第五种方式：全注解

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

<
context:annotation-config
/>

<
context:component-scan
base-package
="com.bluesky"

/>

<
tx:annotation-driven
transaction-manager
="transactionManager"
/>

<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
>

<
property
name
="configLocation"
value
="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"

/>

<
property
name
="configurationClass"
value
="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"

/>

</
bean
>

<!--
定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
-->

<
bean
id
="transactionManager"

class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
>

<
property
name
="sessionFactory"
ref
="sessionFactory"

/>

</
bean
>

</
beans
>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package
com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import
java.util.List;

import
org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import
com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
"
userDao
"
)

public

class
UserDaoImpl
extends
HibernateDaoSupport
implements
UserDao {

public
List
<
User
>
listUsers() {

return

this
.getSession().createQuery(
"
from User
"
).list();
}



}