Ack- 类似grep一样的查找

语法

ack [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
ack -f [options] [DIRECTORY...]

介绍

Ack设计可以替代99%grep的功能。

Ack查找给定正则表达式模式的输入文件默认打印匹配的行。

Ack 也能列出文件不真正进行查找，利用文件类型过滤的优势。

文件的选择

ack 只能进行文件查找。 它知道某些类型的文件，基于文件扩展和文件内容。

文件类型的选择可以基于-type选项。

没有文件选择的选项，ack 仅仅查找认识的文件类型。 如果有一个文件名字是foo.wango ，ack将不查找该文件。

-a 选项选择所有文件，无论类型。

一些文件即使-a选项也不进行查找。

•Backup files: Files matching #*# or ending with ~.
•Coredumps: Files matching core.\d+

然而，ack需要搜索所有类型的文件，可以通过使用-u选项。

目录的选择

ack 递归搜索目录树。 然而忽略影子目录（很多用于版本控制的目录). 你可以通过添加和移除

--[no]ignore-dir选项。选项可以设置多个目录在忽略或添加的目录中。

选项

-a, --all
操作所有文件，无论类型（但是仍然越过blib，cvs等文件)

-A NUM, --after-context=NUM
打印匹配内容后的指定行（选定行也显示)

-B NUM, --before-context=NUM
打印匹配内容前的指定行（选定行也显示)

-C [NUM], --context[=NUM]
打印匹配行上下的几行（选定行也显示)

-c, --count
打印每个文件匹配的行数。
如果有-l选项仅仅显示文件匹配的行数
与-h 匹配显示所有文件匹配的总数

Searching:
-i, --ignore-case     Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN
--[no]smart-case      Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN,
only if PATTERN contains no upper case
Ignored if -i is specified
-v, --invert-match    Invert match: select non-matching lines
-w, --word-regexp     Force PATTERN to match only whole words
-Q, --literal         Quote all metacharacters; PATTERN is literal

Search output:
--line=NUM            Only print line(s) NUM of each file
-l, --files-with-matches
Only print filenames containing matches
-L, --files-without-matches
Only print filenames with no matches
-o                    Show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
(turns off text highlighting)
--passthru            Print all lines, whether matching or not
--output=expr         Output the evaluation of expr for each line
(turns off text highlighting)
--match PATTERN       Specify PATTERN explicitly.
-m, --max-count=NUM   Stop searching in each file after NUM matches
-1                    Stop searching after one match of any kind
-H, --with-filename   Print the filename for each match
-h, --no-filename     Suppress the prefixing filename on output
-c, --count           Show number of lines matching per file
--column              Show the column number of the first match

-A NUM, --after-context=NUM
Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching
lines.
-B NUM, --before-context=NUM
Print NUM lines of leading context before matching
lines.
-C [NUM], --context[=NUM]
Print NUM lines (default 2) of output context.

--print0              Print null byte as separator between filenames,
only works with -f, -g, -l, -L or -c.

File presentation:
--pager=COMMAND       Pipes all ack output through COMMAND.  For example,
--pager="less -R".  Ignored if output is redirected.
--nopager             Do not send output through a pager.  Cancels any
setting in ~/.ackrc, ACK_PAGER or ACK_PAGER_COLOR.
--[no]heading         Print a filename heading above each file's results.
(default: on when used interactively)
--[no]break           Print a break between results from different files.
(default: on when used interactively)
--group               Same as --heading --break
--nogroup             Same as --noheading --nobreak
--[no]color           Highlight the matching text (default: on unless
output is redirected, or on Windows)
--[no]colour          Same as --[no]color
--color-filename=COLOR
--color-match=COLOR
--color-lineno=COLOR  Set the color for filenames, matches, and line numbers.
--flush               Flush output immediately, even when ack is used
non-interactively (when output goes to a pipe or
file).

File finding:
-f                    Only print the files found, without searching.
The PATTERN must not be specified.
-g REGEX              Same as -f, but only print files matching REGEX.
--sort-files          Sort the found files lexically.
--invert-file-match   Print/search handle files that do not match -g/-G.
--show-types          Show which types each file has.

File inclusion/exclusion:
-a, --all-types       All file types searched;
Ignores CVS, .svn and other ignored directories
-u, --unrestricted    All files and directories searched
--[no]ignore-dir=name Add/Remove directory from the list of ignored dirs
-r, -R, --recurse     Recurse into subdirectories (ack's default behavior)
-n, --no-recurse      No descending into subdirectories
-G REGEX              Only search files that match REGEX

--perl                Include only Perl files.
--type=perl           Include only Perl files.
--noperl              Exclude Perl files.
--type=noperl         Exclude Perl files.
See "ack --help type" for supported filetypes.

--type-set TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
being of type TYPE. This replaces an existing
definition for type TYPE.
--type-add TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
being of (the existing) type TYPE

--[no]follow          Follow symlinks.  Default is off.

Directories ignored by default:
autom4te.cache, blib, _build, .bzr, .cdv, cover_db, CVS, _darcs, ~.dep,
~.dot, .git, .hg, _MTN, ~.nib, .pc, ~.plst, RCS, SCCS, _sgbak and .svn

Files not checked for type:
/~$/            - Unix backup files
/#.+#$/         - Emacs swap files
/[._].*\.swp$/ - Vi(m) swap files
/core\.\d+$/  - core dumps
/[.-]min\.js$/  - Minified javascript files

Miscellaneous:
--noenv               Ignore environment variables and ~/.ackrc
--help                This help
--man                 Man page
--version             Display version & copyright
--thpppt              Bill the Cat

文件类型

--[no]actionscript .as .mxml
--[no]ada          .ada .adb .ads
--[no]asm          .asm .s
--[no]batch        .bat .cmd
--[no]binary       Binary files, as defined by Perl's -B op (default: off)
--[no]cc           .c .h .xs
--[no]cfmx         .cfc .cfm .cfml
--[no]clojure      .clj
--[no]cpp          .cpp .cc .cxx .m .hpp .hh .h .hxx
--[no]csharp       .cs
--[no]css          .css
--[no]delphi       .pas .int .dfm .nfm .dof .dpk .dproj .groupproj .bdsgroup .bdsproj
--[no]elisp        .el
--[no]erlang       .erl .hrl
--[no]fortran      .f .f77 .f90 .f95 .f03 .for .ftn .fpp
--[no]go           .go
--[no]groovy       .groovy .gtmpl .gpp .grunit
--[no]haskell      .hs .lhs
--[no]hh           .h
--[no]html         .htm .html .shtml .xhtml
--[no]java         .java .properties
--[no]js           .js
--[no]jsp          .jsp .jspx .jhtm .jhtml
--[no]lisp         .lisp .lsp
--[no]lua          .lua
--[no]make         Makefiles (including *.mk and *.mak)
--[no]mason        .mas .mhtml .mpl .mtxt
--[no]objc         .m .h
--[no]objcpp       .mm .h
--[no]ocaml        .ml .mli
--[no]parrot       .pir .pasm .pmc .ops .pod .pg .tg
--[no]perl         .pl .pm .pod .t
--[no]php          .php .phpt .php3 .php4 .php5 .phtml
--[no]plone        .pt .cpt .metadata .cpy .py
--[no]python       .py
--[no]rake         Rakefiles
--[no]ruby         .rb .rhtml .rjs .rxml .erb .rake .spec
--[no]scala        .scala
--[no]scheme       .scm .ss
--[no]shell        .sh .bash .csh .tcsh .ksh .zsh
--[no]skipped      Files, but not directories, normally skipped by ack (default: off)
--[no]smalltalk    .st
--[no]sql          .sql .ctl
--[no]tcl          .tcl .itcl .itk
--[no]tex          .tex .cls .sty
--[no]text         Text files, as defined by Perl's -T op (default: off)
--[no]tt           .tt .tt2 .ttml
--[no]vb           .bas .cls .frm .ctl .vb .resx
--[no]verilog      .v .vh .sv
--[no]vhdl         .vhd .vhdl
--[no]vim          .vim
--[no]xml          .xml .dtd .xsl .xslt .ent
--[no]yaml         .yaml .yml