Android应用程序发送广播（sendBroadcast）的过程分析
2013-04-01 17:33
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前面我们分析了Android应用程序注册广播接收器的过程，这个过程只完成了万里长征的第一步，接下来它还要等待ActivityManagerService将广播分发过来。ActivityManagerService是如何得到广播并把它分发出去的呢？这就是本文要介绍的广播发送过程了。
广播的发送过程比广播接收器的注册过程要复杂得多了，不过这个过程仍然是以ActivityManagerService为中心。广播的发送者将广播发送到ActivityManagerService，ActivityManagerService接收到这个广播以后，就会在自己的注册中心查看有哪些广播接收器订阅了该广播，然后把这个广播逐一发送到这些广播接收器中，但是ActivityManagerService并不等待广播接收器处理这些广播就返回了，因此，广播的发送和处理是异步的。概括来说，广播的发送路径就是从发送者到ActivityManagerService，再从ActivityManagerService到接收者，这中间的两个过程都是通过Binder进程间通信机制来完成的，因此，希望读者在继续阅读本文之前，对Android系统的Binder进程间通信机制有所了解，具体可以参考Android进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder简要介绍和学习计划一文。
本文继续以Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所开发的应用程序为例子，并且结合上文Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析的内容，一起来分析Android应用程序发送广播的过程。
回顾一下Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所开发的应用程序的组织架构，MainActivity向ActivityManagerService注册了一个CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的计数器服务广播接收器，计数器服务CounterService在后台线程中启动了一个异步任务（AsyncTask），这个异步任务负责不断地增加计数，并且不断地将当前计数值通过广播的形式发送出去，以便MainActivity可以将当前计数值在应用程序的界面线程中显示出来。
计数器服务CounterService发送广播的代码如下所示：
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public class CounterService extends Service implements ICounterService { ...... public void startCounter(int initVal) { AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer> task = new AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer>() { @Override protected Integer doInBackground(Integer... vals) { ...... } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); int counter = values[0]; Intent intent = new Intent(BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION); intent.putExtra(COUNTER_VALUE, counter); sendBroadcast(intent); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Integer val) { ...... } }; task.execute(0); } ...... }
在onProgressUpdate函数中，创建了一个BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的Intent，并且在这里个Intent中附加上当前的计数器值，然后通过CounterService类的成员函数sendBroadcast将这个Intent发送出去。CounterService类继承了Service类，Service类又继承了ContextWrapper类，成员函数sendBroadcast就是从ContextWrapper类继承下来的，因此，我们就从ContextWrapper类的sendBroadcast函数开始，分析广播发送的过程。
在继承分析广播的发送过程前，我们先来看一下广播发送过程的序列图，然后按照这个序图中的步骤来一步一步分析整个过程。
点击查看大图
Step 1. ContextWrapper.sendBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java文件中：
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public class ContextWrapper extends Context { Context mBase; ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { mBase.sendBroadcast(intent); } ...... }
这里的成员变量mBase是一个ContextImpl实例，这里只简单地调用ContextImpl.sendBroadcast进一行操作。
Step 2. ContextImpl.sendBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java文件中：
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class ContextImpl extends Context { ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()); try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent( mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null, Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, false, false); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } ...... }
这里的resolvedType表示这个Intent的MIME类型，我们没有设置这个Intent的MIME类型，因此，这里的resolvedType为null。接下来就调用ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy把这个广播发送给ActivityManagerService了。
Step 3. ActivityManagerProxy.broadcastIntent
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
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class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo != null ? resultTo.asBinder() : null); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(resultData); data.writeBundle(map); data.writeString(requiredPermission); data.writeInt(serialized ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int res = reply.readInt(); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return res; } ...... }
这里的实现比较简单，把要传递的参数封装好，然后通过Binder驱动程序进入到ActivityManagerService的broadcastIntent函数中。
Step 4. ctivityManagerService.broadcastIntent
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) { synchronized(this) { intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent); final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid(); final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp, callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, requiredPermission, serialized, sticky, callingPid, callingUid); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); return res; } } ...... }
这里调用broadcastIntentLocked函数来进一步处理。
Step 5. ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntentLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp,
String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData,
Bundle map, String requiredPermission,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid) {
intent = new Intent(intent);
......
// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}
final boolean replacePending =
(intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}
......
}
......
}
这个函数首先是根据intent找出相应的广播接收器：
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// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}
回忆一下前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 6（ActivityManagerService.registerReceiver）中，我们将一个filter类型为BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的BroadcastFilter实例保存在了ActivityManagerService的成员变量mReceiverResolver中，这个BroadcastFilter实例包含了我们所注册的广播接收器，这里就通过mReceiverResolver.queryIntent函数将这个BroadcastFilter实例取回来。由于注册一个广播类型的接收器可能有多个，所以这里把所有符合条件的的BroadcastFilter实例放在一个List中，然后返回来。在我们这个场景中，这个List就只有一个BroadcastFilter实例了，就是MainActivity注册的那个广播接收器。
继续往下看：
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final boolean replacePending =
(intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
这里是查看一下这个intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位有没有设置，如果设置了的话，ActivityManagerService就会在当前的系统中查看有没有相同的intent还未被处理，如果有的话，就有当前这个新的intent来替换旧的intent。这里，我们没有设置intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位，因此，这里的replacePending变量为false。
再接着往下看：
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int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}
前面我们说到，这里得到的列表registeredReceivers的大小为1，且传进来的参数ordered为false，表示要将这个广播发送给所有注册了BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型广播的接收器，因此，会执行下面的if语句。这个if语句首先创建一个广播记录块BroadcastRecord，里面记录了这个广播是由谁发出的以及要发给谁等相关信息。由于前面得到的replacePending变量为false，因此，不会执行接下来的if语句，即不会检查系统中是否有相同类型的未处理的广播。
这样，这里得到的replaced变量的值也为false，于是，就会把这个广播记录块r放在ActivityManagerService的成员变量mParcelBroadcasts中，等待进一步处理；进一步处理的操作由函数scheduleBroadcastsLocked进行。
Step 6. ActivityManagerService.scheduleBroadcastsLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void scheduleBroadcastsLocked() { ...... if (mBroadcastsScheduled) { return; } mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG); mBroadcastsScheduled = true; } ...... }
这里的mBroadcastsScheduled表示ActivityManagerService当前是不是正在处理其它广播，如果是的话，这里就先不处理直接返回了，保证所有广播串行处理。
注意这里处理广播的方式，它是通过消息循环来处理，每当ActivityManagerService接收到一个广播时，它就把这个广播放进自己的消息队列去就完事了，根本不管这个广播后续是处理的，因此，这里我们可以看出广播的发送和处理是异步的。
这里的成员变量mHandler是一个在ActivityManagerService内部定义的Handler类变量，通过它的sendEmptyMessage函数把一个类型为BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG的空消息放进ActivityManagerService的消息队列中去。这里的空消息是指这个消息除了有类型信息之外，没有任何其它额外的信息，因为前面已经把要处理的广播信息都保存在mParcelBroadcasts中了，等处理这个消息时，从mParcelBroadcasts就可以读回相关的广播信息了，因此，这里不需要把广播信息再放在消息内容中。
Step 7. Handler.sendEmptyMessage
这个自定义的Handler类实现在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中，它是ActivityManagerService的内部类，调用了它的sendEmptyMessage函数来把一个消息放到消息队列后，一会就会调用它的handleMessage函数来真正处理这个消息：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
......
case BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG: {
......
processNextBroadcast(true);
} break;
......
}
}
}
......
}
这里又调用了ActivityManagerService的processNextBroadcast函数来处理下一个未处理的广播。
Step 8. ActivityManagerService.processNextBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) {
synchronized(this) {
BroadcastRecord r;
......
if (fromMsg) {
mBroadcastsScheduled = false;
}
// First, deliver any non-serialized broadcasts right away.
while (mParallelBroadcasts.size() > 0) {
r = mParallelBroadcasts.remove(0);
......
final int N = r.receivers.size();
......
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
Object target = r.receivers.get(i);
......
deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false);
}
addBroadcastToHistoryLocked(r);
......
}
......
}
}
......
}
这里传进来的参数fromMsg为true，于是把mBroadcastScheduled重新设为false，这样，下一个广播就能进入到消息队列中进行处理了。前面我们在Step 5中，把一个广播记录块BroadcastRecord放在了mParallelBroadcasts中，因此，这里就把它取出来进行处理了。广播记录块BroadcastRecord的receivers列表中包含了要接收这个广播的目标列表，即前面我们注册的广播接收器，用BroadcastFilter来表示，这里while循环中的for循环就是把这个广播发送给每一个订阅了该广播的接收器了，通过deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked函数执行。
Step 9. ActivityManagerService.deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(BroadcastRecord r,
BroadcastFilter filter, boolean ordered) {
boolean skip = false;
if (filter.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (r.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (!skip) {
// If this is not being sent as an ordered broadcast, then we
// don't want to touch the fields that keep track of the current
// state of ordered broadcasts.
if (ordered) {
......
}
try {
......
performReceiveLocked(filter.receiverList.app, filter.receiverList.receiver,
new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
r.resultData, r.resultExtras, r.ordered, r.initialSticky);
......
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
}
}
......
}
函数首先是检查一下广播发送和接收的权限，在我们分析的这个场景中，没有设置权限，因此，这个权限检查就跳过了，这里得到的skip为false，于是进入下面的if语句中。由于上面传时来的ordered参数为false，因此，直接就调用performReceiveLocked函数来进一步执行广播发送的操作了。
Step 10. ActivityManagerService.performReceiveLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
static void performReceiveLocked(ProcessRecord app, IIntentReceiver receiver,
Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
// Send the intent to the receiver asynchronously using one-way binder calls.
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
// If we have an app thread, do the call through that so it is
// correctly ordered with other one-way calls.
app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode,
data, extras, ordered, sticky);
} else {
......
}
}
......
}
注意，这里传进来的参数app是注册广播接收器的Activity所在的进程记录块，在我们分析的这个场景中，由于是MainActivity调用registerReceiver函数来注册这个广播接收器的，因此，参数app所代表的ProcessRecord就是MainActivity所在的进程记录块了；而参数receiver也是注册广播接收器时传给ActivityManagerService的一个Binder对象，它的类型是IIntentReceiver，具体可以参考上一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step
2。
MainActivity在注册广播接收器时，已经把自己的ProcessRecord记录下来了，所以这里的参数app和app.thread均不为null，于是，ActivityManagerService就调用app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函数来把这个广播分发给MainActivity了。这里的app.thread是一个Binder远程对象，它的类型是ApplicationThreadProxy，我们在前面介绍应用程序的Activity启动过程时，已经多次看到了，具体可以参考主题Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划。
Step 11. ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中：
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class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { ...... public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(receiver.asBinder()); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(dataStr); data.writeBundle(extras); data.writeInt(ordered ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } ...... }
这里通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ApplicationThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函数去了。ApplicationThread是ActivityThread的一个内部类，具体可以参考Activity启动主题Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划。
Step 12. ApplicaitonThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
......
// This function exists to make sure all receiver dispatching is
// correctly ordered, since these are one-way calls and the binder driver
// applies transaction ordering per object for such calls.
public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered,
boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
receiver.performReceive(intent, resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky);
}
......
}
......
}
这里的receiver是在前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 4中创建的，它的具体类型是LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher.InnerReceiver，即定义在LoadedApk类的内部类ReceiverDispatcher里面的一个内部类InnerReceiver，这里调用它的performReceive函数。
Step 13. InnerReceiver.performReceive
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = mDispatcher.get(); ...... if (rd != null) { rd.performReceive(intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky); } else { ...... } } } ...... } ...... }
这里，它只是简单地调用ReceiverDispatcher的performReceive函数来进一步处理，这里的ReceiverDispatcher类是LoadedApk类里面的一个内部类。
Step 14. ReceiverDispatcher.performReceive
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { ...... Args args = new Args(); args.mCurIntent = intent; args.mCurCode = resultCode; args.mCurData = data; args.mCurMap = extras; args.mCurOrdered = ordered; args.mCurSticky = sticky; if (!mActivityThread.post(args)) { ...... } } ...... } ...... }
这里mActivityThread成员变量的类型为Handler，它是前面MainActivity注册广播接收器时，从ActivityThread取得的，具体可以参考前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 3。这里ReceiverDispatcher借助这个Handler，把这个广播以消息的形式放到MainActivity所在的这个ActivityThread的消息队列中去，因此，ReceiverDispatcher不等这个广播被MainActivity处理就返回了，这里也体现了广播的发送和处理是异步进行的。
注意这里处理消息的方式是通过Handler.post函数进行的，post函数的参数是Runnable类型的，这个消息最终会调用这个这个参数的run成员函数来处理。这里的Args类是LoadedApk类的内部类ReceiverDispatcher的一个内部类，它继承于Runnable类，因此，可以作为mActivityThread.post的参数传进去，代表这个广播的intent也保存在这个Args实例中。
Step 15. Hanlder.post
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Handler.java文件中，这个函数我们就不看了，有兴趣的读者可以自己研究一下，它的作用就是把消息放在消息队列中，然后就返回了，这个消息最终会在传进来的Runnable类型的参数的run成员函数中进行处理。
Step 16. Args.run
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
[java]
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... final class Args implements Runnable { ...... public void run() { BroadcastReceiver receiver = mReceiver; ...... Intent intent = mCurIntent; ...... try { ClassLoader cl = mReceiver.getClass().getClassLoader(); intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); if (mCurMap != null) { mCurMap.setClassLoader(cl); } receiver.setOrderedHint(true); receiver.setResult(mCurCode, mCurData, mCurMap); receiver.clearAbortBroadcast(); receiver.setOrderedHint(mCurOrdered); receiver.setInitialStickyHint(mCurSticky); receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent); } catch (Exception e) { ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... }
这里的mReceiver是ReceiverDispatcher类的成员变量，它的类型是BroadcastReceiver，这里它就是MainActivity注册广播接收器时创建的BroadcastReceiver实例了，具体可以参考前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 2。
有了这个ReceiverDispatcher实例之后，就可以调用它的onReceive函数把这个广播分发给它处理了。
Step 17. BroadcastReceiver.onReceive
这个函数定义Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所介绍的Android应用程序Broadcast的工程目录下的src/shy/luo/broadcast/MainActivity.java文件中：
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public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { ...... private BroadcastReceiver counterActionReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){ public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { int counter = intent.getIntExtra(CounterService.COUNTER_VALUE, 0); String text = String.valueOf(counter); counterText.setText(text); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Receive counter event"); } } ...... }
这样，MainActivity里面的定义的BroadcastReceiver实例counterActionReceiver就收到这个广播并进行处理了。
至此，Android应用程序发送广播的过程就分析完成了，结合前面这篇分析广播接收器注册过程的文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析，就会对Android系统的广播机制且个更深刻的认识和理解了。
最后，我们总结一下这个Android应用程序发送广播的过程：
1. Step 1 - Step 7，计数器服务CounterService通过sendBroadcast把一个广播通过Binder进程间通信机制发送给ActivityManagerService，ActivityManagerService根据这个广播的Action类型找到相应的广播接收器，然后把这个广播放进自己的消息队列中去，就完成第一阶段对这个广播的异步分发了；
2. Step 8 - Step 15，ActivityManagerService在消息循环中处理这个广播，并通过Binder进程间通信机制把这个广播分发给注册的广播接收分发器ReceiverDispatcher，ReceiverDispatcher把这个广播放进MainActivity所在的线程的消息队列中去，就完成第二阶段对这个广播的异步分发了；
3. Step 16 - Step 17， ReceiverDispatcher的内部类Args在MainActivity所在的线程消息循环中处理这个广播，最终是将这个广播分发给所注册的BroadcastReceiver实例的onReceive函数进行处理。
这样，Android系统广播机制就学习完成了，希望对读者有所帮助。重新学习Android系统的广播机制，请回到Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中。
【原文：/article/1363545.html】
广播的发送过程比广播接收器的注册过程要复杂得多了，不过这个过程仍然是以ActivityManagerService为中心。广播的发送者将广播发送到ActivityManagerService，ActivityManagerService接收到这个广播以后，就会在自己的注册中心查看有哪些广播接收器订阅了该广播，然后把这个广播逐一发送到这些广播接收器中，但是ActivityManagerService并不等待广播接收器处理这些广播就返回了，因此，广播的发送和处理是异步的。概括来说，广播的发送路径就是从发送者到ActivityManagerService，再从ActivityManagerService到接收者，这中间的两个过程都是通过Binder进程间通信机制来完成的，因此，希望读者在继续阅读本文之前，对Android系统的Binder进程间通信机制有所了解，具体可以参考Android进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder简要介绍和学习计划一文。
本文继续以Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所开发的应用程序为例子，并且结合上文Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析的内容，一起来分析Android应用程序发送广播的过程。
回顾一下Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所开发的应用程序的组织架构，MainActivity向ActivityManagerService注册了一个CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的计数器服务广播接收器，计数器服务CounterService在后台线程中启动了一个异步任务（AsyncTask），这个异步任务负责不断地增加计数，并且不断地将当前计数值通过广播的形式发送出去，以便MainActivity可以将当前计数值在应用程序的界面线程中显示出来。
计数器服务CounterService发送广播的代码如下所示：
[java]
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public class CounterService extends Service implements ICounterService { ...... public void startCounter(int initVal) { AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer> task = new AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer>() { @Override protected Integer doInBackground(Integer... vals) { ...... } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); int counter = values[0]; Intent intent = new Intent(BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION); intent.putExtra(COUNTER_VALUE, counter); sendBroadcast(intent); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Integer val) { ...... } }; task.execute(0); } ...... }
public class CounterService extends Service implements ICounterService {
......
public void startCounter(int initVal) {
AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer> task = new AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer>() {
@Override
protected Integer doInBackground(Integer... vals) {
......
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
int counter = values[0];
Intent intent = new Intent(BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION);
intent.putExtra(COUNTER_VALUE, counter);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Integer val) {
......
}
};
task.execute(0);
}
......
}在onProgressUpdate函数中，创建了一个BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的Intent，并且在这里个Intent中附加上当前的计数器值，然后通过CounterService类的成员函数sendBroadcast将这个Intent发送出去。CounterService类继承了Service类，Service类又继承了ContextWrapper类，成员函数sendBroadcast就是从ContextWrapper类继承下来的，因此，我们就从ContextWrapper类的sendBroadcast函数开始，分析广播发送的过程。
在继承分析广播的发送过程前，我们先来看一下广播发送过程的序列图，然后按照这个序图中的步骤来一步一步分析整个过程。
点击查看大图
Step 1. ContextWrapper.sendBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java文件中：
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public class ContextWrapper extends Context { Context mBase; ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { mBase.sendBroadcast(intent); } ...... }
public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
Context mBase;
......
@Override
public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
mBase.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
......
}这里的成员变量mBase是一个ContextImpl实例，这里只简单地调用ContextImpl.sendBroadcast进一行操作。
Step 2. ContextImpl.sendBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java文件中：
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class ContextImpl extends Context { ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()); try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent( mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null, Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, false, false); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } ...... }
class ContextImpl extends Context {
......
@Override
public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver());
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null,
Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, false, false);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
......
}这里的resolvedType表示这个Intent的MIME类型，我们没有设置这个Intent的MIME类型，因此，这里的resolvedType为null。接下来就调用ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy把这个广播发送给ActivityManagerService了。
Step 3. ActivityManagerProxy.broadcastIntent
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
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class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo != null ? resultTo.asBinder() : null); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(resultData); data.writeBundle(map); data.writeString(requiredPermission); data.writeInt(serialized ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int res = reply.readInt(); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return res; } ...... }
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
......
public int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo,
int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map,
String requiredPermission, boolean serialized,
boolean sticky) throws RemoteException
{
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo != null ? resultTo.asBinder() : null);
data.writeInt(resultCode);
data.writeString(resultData);
data.writeBundle(map);
data.writeString(requiredPermission);
data.writeInt(serialized ? 1 : 0);
data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0);
mRemote.transact(BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int res = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return res;
}
......
}这里的实现比较简单，把要传递的参数封装好，然后通过Binder驱动程序进入到ActivityManagerService的broadcastIntent函数中。
Step 4. ctivityManagerService.broadcastIntent
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) { synchronized(this) { intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent); final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid(); final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp, callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, requiredPermission, serialized, sticky, callingPid, callingUid); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); return res; } } ...... }
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo,
int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map,
String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) {
synchronized(this) {
intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent);
final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp,
callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null,
intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultCode, resultData, map, requiredPermission, serialized,
sticky, callingPid, callingUid);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
return res;
}
}
......
}这里调用broadcastIntentLocked函数来进一步处理。
Step 5. ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntentLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp,
String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData,
Bundle map, String requiredPermission,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid) {
intent = new Intent(intent);
......
// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}
final boolean replacePending =
(intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}
......
}
......
}
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp,
String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData,
Bundle map, String requiredPermission,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid) {
intent = new Intent(intent);
......
// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}
final boolean replacePending =
(intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}
......
}
......
}这个函数首先是根据intent找出相应的广播接收器：
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// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}
// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast.
List receivers = null;
List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null;
try {
if (intent.getComponent() != null) {
......
} else {
......
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
......
}回忆一下前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 6（ActivityManagerService.registerReceiver）中，我们将一个filter类型为BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的BroadcastFilter实例保存在了ActivityManagerService的成员变量mReceiverResolver中，这个BroadcastFilter实例包含了我们所注册的广播接收器，这里就通过mReceiverResolver.queryIntent函数将这个BroadcastFilter实例取回来。由于注册一个广播类型的接收器可能有多个，所以这里把所有符合条件的的BroadcastFilter实例放在一个List中，然后返回来。在我们这个场景中，这个List就只有一个BroadcastFilter实例了，就是MainActivity注册的那个广播接收器。
继续往下看：
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final boolean replacePending =
(intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
final boolean replacePending = (intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;
这里是查看一下这个intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位有没有设置，如果设置了的话，ActivityManagerService就会在当前的系统中查看有没有相同的intent还未被处理，如果有的话，就有当前这个新的intent来替换旧的intent。这里，我们没有设置intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位，因此，这里的replacePending变量为false。
再接着往下看：
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int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}
int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0;
if (!ordered && NR > 0) {
// If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the
// registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the
// components to be launched.
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
ordered, sticky, false);
......
boolean replaced = false;
if (replacePending) {
for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) {
......
mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r);
replaced = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!replaced) {
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);
scheduleBroadcastsLocked();
}
registeredReceivers = null;
NR = 0;
}前面我们说到，这里得到的列表registeredReceivers的大小为1，且传进来的参数ordered为false，表示要将这个广播发送给所有注册了BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型广播的接收器，因此，会执行下面的if语句。这个if语句首先创建一个广播记录块BroadcastRecord，里面记录了这个广播是由谁发出的以及要发给谁等相关信息。由于前面得到的replacePending变量为false，因此，不会执行接下来的if语句，即不会检查系统中是否有相同类型的未处理的广播。
这样，这里得到的replaced变量的值也为false，于是，就会把这个广播记录块r放在ActivityManagerService的成员变量mParcelBroadcasts中，等待进一步处理；进一步处理的操作由函数scheduleBroadcastsLocked进行。
Step 6. ActivityManagerService.scheduleBroadcastsLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void scheduleBroadcastsLocked() { ...... if (mBroadcastsScheduled) { return; } mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG); mBroadcastsScheduled = true; } ...... }
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void scheduleBroadcastsLocked() {
......
if (mBroadcastsScheduled) {
return;
}
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG);
mBroadcastsScheduled = true;
}
......
}这里的mBroadcastsScheduled表示ActivityManagerService当前是不是正在处理其它广播，如果是的话，这里就先不处理直接返回了，保证所有广播串行处理。
注意这里处理广播的方式，它是通过消息循环来处理，每当ActivityManagerService接收到一个广播时，它就把这个广播放进自己的消息队列去就完事了，根本不管这个广播后续是处理的，因此，这里我们可以看出广播的发送和处理是异步的。
这里的成员变量mHandler是一个在ActivityManagerService内部定义的Handler类变量，通过它的sendEmptyMessage函数把一个类型为BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG的空消息放进ActivityManagerService的消息队列中去。这里的空消息是指这个消息除了有类型信息之外，没有任何其它额外的信息，因为前面已经把要处理的广播信息都保存在mParcelBroadcasts中了，等处理这个消息时，从mParcelBroadcasts就可以读回相关的广播信息了，因此，这里不需要把广播信息再放在消息内容中。
Step 7. Handler.sendEmptyMessage
这个自定义的Handler类实现在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中，它是ActivityManagerService的内部类，调用了它的sendEmptyMessage函数来把一个消息放到消息队列后，一会就会调用它的handleMessage函数来真正处理这个消息：
[java]
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
......
case BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG: {
......
processNextBroadcast(true);
} break;
......
}
}
}
......
}
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
......
case BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG: {
......
processNextBroadcast(true);
} break;
......
}
}
}
......
}这里又调用了ActivityManagerService的processNextBroadcast函数来处理下一个未处理的广播。
Step 8. ActivityManagerService.processNextBroadcast
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
[java]
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) {
synchronized(this) {
BroadcastRecord r;
......
if (fromMsg) {
mBroadcastsScheduled = false;
}
// First, deliver any non-serialized broadcasts right away.
while (mParallelBroadcasts.size() > 0) {
r = mParallelBroadcasts.remove(0);
......
final int N = r.receivers.size();
......
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
Object target = r.receivers.get(i);
......
deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false);
}
addBroadcastToHistoryLocked(r);
......
}
......
}
}
......
}
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) {
synchronized(this) {
BroadcastRecord r;
......
if (fromMsg) {
mBroadcastsScheduled = false;
}
// First, deliver any non-serialized broadcasts right away.
while (mParallelBroadcasts.size() > 0) {
r = mParallelBroadcasts.remove(0);
......
final int N = r.receivers.size();
......
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
Object target = r.receivers.get(i);
......
deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false);
}
addBroadcastToHistoryLocked(r);
......
}
......
}
}
......
}这里传进来的参数fromMsg为true，于是把mBroadcastScheduled重新设为false，这样，下一个广播就能进入到消息队列中进行处理了。前面我们在Step 5中，把一个广播记录块BroadcastRecord放在了mParallelBroadcasts中，因此，这里就把它取出来进行处理了。广播记录块BroadcastRecord的receivers列表中包含了要接收这个广播的目标列表，即前面我们注册的广播接收器，用BroadcastFilter来表示，这里while循环中的for循环就是把这个广播发送给每一个订阅了该广播的接收器了，通过deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked函数执行。
Step 9. ActivityManagerService.deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
[java]
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(BroadcastRecord r,
BroadcastFilter filter, boolean ordered) {
boolean skip = false;
if (filter.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (r.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (!skip) {
// If this is not being sent as an ordered broadcast, then we
// don't want to touch the fields that keep track of the current
// state of ordered broadcasts.
if (ordered) {
......
}
try {
......
performReceiveLocked(filter.receiverList.app, filter.receiverList.receiver,
new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
r.resultData, r.resultExtras, r.ordered, r.initialSticky);
......
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
}
}
......
}
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
private final void deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(BroadcastRecord r,
BroadcastFilter filter, boolean ordered) {
boolean skip = false;
if (filter.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (r.requiredPermission != null) {
......
}
if (!skip) {
// If this is not being sent as an ordered broadcast, then we
// don't want to touch the fields that keep track of the current
// state of ordered broadcasts.
if (ordered) {
......
}
try {
......
performReceiveLocked(filter.receiverList.app, filter.receiverList.receiver,
new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
r.resultData, r.resultExtras, r.ordered, r.initialSticky);
......
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
}
}
......
}函数首先是检查一下广播发送和接收的权限，在我们分析的这个场景中，没有设置权限，因此，这个权限检查就跳过了，这里得到的skip为false，于是进入下面的if语句中。由于上面传时来的ordered参数为false，因此，直接就调用performReceiveLocked函数来进一步执行广播发送的操作了。
Step 10. ActivityManagerService.performReceiveLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
[java]
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public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
static void performReceiveLocked(ProcessRecord app, IIntentReceiver receiver,
Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
// Send the intent to the receiver asynchronously using one-way binder calls.
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
// If we have an app thread, do the call through that so it is
// correctly ordered with other one-way calls.
app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode,
data, extras, ordered, sticky);
} else {
......
}
}
......
}
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
static void performReceiveLocked(ProcessRecord app, IIntentReceiver receiver,
Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras,
boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
// Send the intent to the receiver asynchronously using one-way binder calls.
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
// If we have an app thread, do the call through that so it is
// correctly ordered with other one-way calls.
app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode,
data, extras, ordered, sticky);
} else {
......
}
}
......
}注意，这里传进来的参数app是注册广播接收器的Activity所在的进程记录块，在我们分析的这个场景中，由于是MainActivity调用registerReceiver函数来注册这个广播接收器的，因此，参数app所代表的ProcessRecord就是MainActivity所在的进程记录块了；而参数receiver也是注册广播接收器时传给ActivityManagerService的一个Binder对象，它的类型是IIntentReceiver，具体可以参考上一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step
2。
MainActivity在注册广播接收器时，已经把自己的ProcessRecord记录下来了，所以这里的参数app和app.thread均不为null，于是，ActivityManagerService就调用app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函数来把这个广播分发给MainActivity了。这里的app.thread是一个Binder远程对象，它的类型是ApplicationThreadProxy，我们在前面介绍应用程序的Activity启动过程时，已经多次看到了，具体可以参考主题Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划。
Step 11. ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中：
[java]
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class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { ...... public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(receiver.asBinder()); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(dataStr); data.writeBundle(extras); data.writeInt(ordered ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } ...... }
class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
......
public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky)
throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(receiver.asBinder());
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeInt(resultCode);
data.writeString(dataStr);
data.writeBundle(extras);
data.writeInt(ordered ? 1 : 0);
data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0);
mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, null,
IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
data.recycle();
}
......
}这里通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ApplicationThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函数去了。ApplicationThread是ActivityThread的一个内部类，具体可以参考Activity启动主题Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划。
Step 12. ApplicaitonThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
[java]
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public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
......
// This function exists to make sure all receiver dispatching is
// correctly ordered, since these are one-way calls and the binder driver
// applies transaction ordering per object for such calls.
public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered,
boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
receiver.performReceive(intent, resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky);
}
......
}
......
}
public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
......
// This function exists to make sure all receiver dispatching is
// correctly ordered, since these are one-way calls and the binder driver
// applies transaction ordering per object for such calls.
public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered,
boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
receiver.performReceive(intent, resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky);
}
......
}
......
}这里的receiver是在前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 4中创建的，它的具体类型是LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher.InnerReceiver，即定义在LoadedApk类的内部类ReceiverDispatcher里面的一个内部类InnerReceiver，这里调用它的performReceive函数。
Step 13. InnerReceiver.performReceive
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
[java]
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = mDispatcher.get(); ...... if (rd != null) { rd.performReceive(intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky); } else { ...... } } } ...... } ...... }
final class LoadedApk {
......
static final class ReceiverDispatcher {
final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub {
......
public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode,
String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) {
LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = mDispatcher.get();
......
if (rd != null) {
rd.performReceive(intent, resultCode, data, extras,
ordered, sticky);
} else {
......
}
}
}
......
}
......
}这里，它只是简单地调用ReceiverDispatcher的performReceive函数来进一步处理，这里的ReceiverDispatcher类是LoadedApk类里面的一个内部类。
Step 14. ReceiverDispatcher.performReceive
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
[java]
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { ...... Args args = new Args(); args.mCurIntent = intent; args.mCurCode = resultCode; args.mCurData = data; args.mCurMap = extras; args.mCurOrdered = ordered; args.mCurSticky = sticky; if (!mActivityThread.post(args)) { ...... } } ...... } ...... }
final class LoadedApk {
......
static final class ReceiverDispatcher {
......
public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode,
String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) {
......
Args args = new Args();
args.mCurIntent = intent;
args.mCurCode = resultCode;
args.mCurData = data;
args.mCurMap = extras;
args.mCurOrdered = ordered;
args.mCurSticky = sticky;
if (!mActivityThread.post(args)) {
......
}
}
......
}
......
}这里mActivityThread成员变量的类型为Handler，它是前面MainActivity注册广播接收器时，从ActivityThread取得的，具体可以参考前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 3。这里ReceiverDispatcher借助这个Handler，把这个广播以消息的形式放到MainActivity所在的这个ActivityThread的消息队列中去，因此，ReceiverDispatcher不等这个广播被MainActivity处理就返回了，这里也体现了广播的发送和处理是异步进行的。
注意这里处理消息的方式是通过Handler.post函数进行的，post函数的参数是Runnable类型的，这个消息最终会调用这个这个参数的run成员函数来处理。这里的Args类是LoadedApk类的内部类ReceiverDispatcher的一个内部类，它继承于Runnable类，因此，可以作为mActivityThread.post的参数传进去，代表这个广播的intent也保存在这个Args实例中。
Step 15. Hanlder.post
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Handler.java文件中，这个函数我们就不看了，有兴趣的读者可以自己研究一下，它的作用就是把消息放在消息队列中，然后就返回了，这个消息最终会在传进来的Runnable类型的参数的run成员函数中进行处理。
Step 16. Args.run
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中：
[java]
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final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... final class Args implements Runnable { ...... public void run() { BroadcastReceiver receiver = mReceiver; ...... Intent intent = mCurIntent; ...... try { ClassLoader cl = mReceiver.getClass().getClassLoader(); intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); if (mCurMap != null) { mCurMap.setClassLoader(cl); } receiver.setOrderedHint(true); receiver.setResult(mCurCode, mCurData, mCurMap); receiver.clearAbortBroadcast(); receiver.setOrderedHint(mCurOrdered); receiver.setInitialStickyHint(mCurSticky); receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent); } catch (Exception e) { ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... }
final class LoadedApk {
......
static final class ReceiverDispatcher {
......
final class Args implements Runnable {
......
public void run() {
BroadcastReceiver receiver = mReceiver;
......
Intent intent = mCurIntent;
......
try {
ClassLoader cl = mReceiver.getClass().getClassLoader();
intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
if (mCurMap != null) {
mCurMap.setClassLoader(cl);
}
receiver.setOrderedHint(true);
receiver.setResult(mCurCode, mCurData, mCurMap);
receiver.clearAbortBroadcast();
receiver.setOrderedHint(mCurOrdered);
receiver.setInitialStickyHint(mCurSticky);
receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);
} catch (Exception e) {
......
}
......
}
......
}
......
}
......
}这里的mReceiver是ReceiverDispatcher类的成员变量，它的类型是BroadcastReceiver，这里它就是MainActivity注册广播接收器时创建的BroadcastReceiver实例了，具体可以参考前面一篇文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析中的Step 2。
有了这个ReceiverDispatcher实例之后，就可以调用它的onReceive函数把这个广播分发给它处理了。
Step 17. BroadcastReceiver.onReceive
这个函数定义Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中所介绍的Android应用程序Broadcast的工程目录下的src/shy/luo/broadcast/MainActivity.java文件中：
[java]
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public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { ...... private BroadcastReceiver counterActionReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){ public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { int counter = intent.getIntExtra(CounterService.COUNTER_VALUE, 0); String text = String.valueOf(counter); counterText.setText(text); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Receive counter event"); } } ...... }
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
......
private BroadcastReceiver counterActionReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
int counter = intent.getIntExtra(CounterService.COUNTER_VALUE, 0);
String text = String.valueOf(counter);
counterText.setText(text);
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Receive counter event");
}
}
......
}这样，MainActivity里面的定义的BroadcastReceiver实例counterActionReceiver就收到这个广播并进行处理了。
至此，Android应用程序发送广播的过程就分析完成了，结合前面这篇分析广播接收器注册过程的文章Android应用程序注册广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析，就会对Android系统的广播机制且个更深刻的认识和理解了。
最后，我们总结一下这个Android应用程序发送广播的过程：
1. Step 1 - Step 7，计数器服务CounterService通过sendBroadcast把一个广播通过Binder进程间通信机制发送给ActivityManagerService，ActivityManagerService根据这个广播的Action类型找到相应的广播接收器，然后把这个广播放进自己的消息队列中去，就完成第一阶段对这个广播的异步分发了；
2. Step 8 - Step 15，ActivityManagerService在消息循环中处理这个广播，并通过Binder进程间通信机制把这个广播分发给注册的广播接收分发器ReceiverDispatcher，ReceiverDispatcher把这个广播放进MainActivity所在的线程的消息队列中去，就完成第二阶段对这个广播的异步分发了；
3. Step 16 - Step 17， ReceiverDispatcher的内部类Args在MainActivity所在的线程消息循环中处理这个广播，最终是将这个广播分发给所注册的BroadcastReceiver实例的onReceive函数进行处理。
这样，Android系统广播机制就学习完成了，希望对读者有所帮助。重新学习Android系统的广播机制，请回到Android系统中的广播（Broadcast）机制简要介绍和学习计划一文中。
【原文：/article/1363545.html】
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