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使用WinINet和WinHTTP实现Http访问

2013-01-11 13:42 357 查看
Http访问有两种方式,GET和POST,就编程来说GET方式相对简单点,它不用向服务器提交数据,在这个例程中我使用POST方式,提交数据value1与value2,并从服务器得到他们的和(value1
+value2)。

为实现Http访问,微软提供了二套API:WinINet,WinHTTP。WinHTTP比WinINet更加安全和健壮,可以这么认为WinHTTP是WinINet的升级版本。这两套API包含了很多相似的函数与宏定义,呵呵,详细对比请查阅msdn中的文章“Porting
WinINetApplicationstoWinHTTP
”,在线MSDN连接:http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384068.aspx。在这个例程中,通过一个宏的设置来决定是使用WinHttp还是WinINet。代码如下:

#defineUSE_WINHTTP//Commentthislinetouserwininet.

下面来说说实现Http访问的流程(两套API都一样的流程):

1,首先我们打开一个Session获得一个HINTERNETsession句柄;

2,然后我们使用这个session句柄与服务器连接得到一个HINTERNETconnect句柄;

3,然后我们使用这个connect句柄来打开Http
请求得到一个HINTERNETrequest句柄;

4,这时我们就可以使用这个request句柄来发送数据与读取从服务器返回的数据;

5,最后依次关闭request,connect,session句柄。

在这个例程中以上各个流程都进行了简单封装,以便对比两套API函数的些许差异。下面让源代码说话,原工程是一个windows控制台工程,你可以很容易通过拷贝代码重建工程。

另:如果你从服务器得到的返回数据是utf8格式的文本数据,你将需要对返回的数据进行转换才能正确显示中文,日文等。仅供参考,转换为ATLCStringW的函数见下:

CStringWGetStringWFromUtf8(conststd::string&str)
{
intlen=MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8,0,str.c_str(),int(str.length()),0,0);

CStringWbuf;
WCHAR*dd=buf.GetBuffer(len);

len=MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8,0,str.c_str(),int(str.length()),dd,len);

buf.ReleaseBuffer(len);

returnbuf;
}


完整代码如下:

#include"stdafx.h"
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define_ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS
#include<atlbase.h>
#include<atlstr.h>

#defineUSE_WINHTTP//Commentthislinetouserwininet.
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
#include<winhttp.h>
#pragmacomment(lib,"winhttp.lib")
#else
#include<wininet.h>
#pragmacomment(lib,"wininet.lib")
#endif
#defineBUF_SIZE(1024)

//CrackedUrl
classCrackedUrl{
intm_scheme;
CStringWm_host;
intm_port;
CStringWm_path;
public:
CrackedUrl(LPCWSTRurl)
{
URL_COMPONENTSuc={0};
uc.dwStructSize=sizeof(uc);

constDWORDBUF_LEN=256;

WCHARhost[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszHostName=host;
uc.dwHostNameLength=BUF_LEN;

WCHARpath[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszUrlPath=path;
uc.dwUrlPathLength=BUF_LEN;

WCHARextra[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszExtraInfo=extra;
uc.dwExtraInfoLength=BUF_LEN;

#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
if(!WinHttpCrackUrl(url,0,ICU_ESCAPE,&uc)){
printf("Error:WinHttpCrackUrlfailed!/n");
}

#else
if(!InternetCrackUrl(url,0,ICU_ESCAPE,&uc)){
printf("Error:InternetCrackUrlfailed!/n");
}
#endif
m_scheme=uc.nScheme;
m_host=host;
m_port=uc.nPort;
m_path=path;
}

intGetScheme()const
{
returnm_scheme;
}

LPCWSTRGetHostName()const
{
returnm_host;
}

intGetPort()const
{
returnm_port;
}

LPCWSTRGetPath()const
{
returnm_path;
}

staticCStringAUrlEncode(constchar*p)
{
if(p==0){
returnCStringA();
}

CStringAbuf;

for(;;){
intch=(BYTE)(*(p++));
if(ch=='/0'){
break;
}

if(isalnum(ch)||ch=='_'||ch=='-'||ch=='.'){
buf+=(char)ch;
}
elseif(ch==''){
buf+='+';
}
else{
charc[16];
wsprintfA(c,"%%%02X",ch);
buf+=c;
}
}

returnbuf;
}
};

//CrackedUrl
HINTERNETOpenSession(LPCWSTRuserAgent=0)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpOpen(userAgent,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);;
#else
returnInternetOpen(userAgent,INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG,NULL,NULL,0);
#endif
}

HINTERNETConnect(HINTERNEThSession,LPCWSTRserverAddr,intportNo)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpConnect(hSession,serverAddr,(INTERNET_PORT)portNo,0);
#else
returnInternetConnect(hSession,serverAddr,portNo,NULL,NULL,INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP,0,0);
#endif
}

HINTERNETOpenRequest(HINTERNEThConnect,LPCWSTRverb,LPCWSTRobjectName,intscheme)
{
DWORDflags=0;
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
if(scheme==INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS){
flags|=WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;
}

returnWinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect,verb,objectName,NULL,NULL,NULL,flags);

#else
if(scheme==INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS){
flags|=INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE;
}

returnHttpOpenRequest(hConnect,verb,objectName,NULL,NULL,NULL,flags,0);
#endif
}

BOOLAddRequestHeaders(HINTERNEThRequest,LPCWSTRheader)
{
SIZE_Tlen=lstrlenW(header);
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest,header,DWORD(len),WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#else
returnHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest,header,DWORD(len),HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#endif
}

BOOLSendRequest(HINTERNEThRequest,constvoid*body,DWORDsize)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpSendRequest(hRequest,0,0,const_cast<void*>(body),size,size,0);
#else
returnHttpSendRequest(hRequest,0,0,const_cast<void*>(body),size);
#endif
}

BOOLEndRequest(HINTERNEThRequest)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest,0);
#else
//ifyouuseHttpSendRequestExtosendrequestthenuseHttpEndRequestinhere!
returnTRUE;
#endif
}

BOOLQueryInfo(HINTERNEThRequest,intqueryId,char*szBuf,DWORD*pdwSize)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest,(DWORD)queryId,0,szBuf,pdwSize,0);
#else
returnHttpQueryInfo(hRequest,queryId,szBuf,pdwSize,0);
#endif
}

BOOLReadData(HINTERNEThRequest,void*buffer,DWORDlength,DWORD*cbRead)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
returnWinHttpReadData(hRequest,buffer,length,cbRead);
#else
returnInternetReadFile(hRequest,buffer,length,cbRead);
#endif
}

voidCloseInternetHandle(HINTERNEThInternet)
{
if(hInternet)
{
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet);
#else
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
#endif
}
}

int_tmain(intargc,_TCHAR*argv[])
{
HINTERNEThSession=0;
HINTERNEThConnect=0;
HINTERNEThRequest=0;
CStringWstrHeader(L"Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded/r/n");

//Testdata
CrackedUrlcrackedUrl(L"http://www.easy-creator.net/test2/add.asp");
CStringAstrPostData("value1=10&value2=14");

//Opensession.
hSession=OpenSession(L"HttpPostbyl_zhaohui@163.com");
if(hSession==NULL){
printf("Error:Opensession!/n");
return-1;
}

//Connect.
hConnect=Connect(hSession,crackedUrl.GetHostName(),crackedUrl.GetPort());
if(hConnect==NULL){
printf("Error:Connectfailed!/n");
return-1;
}

//Openrequest.
hRequest=OpenRequest(hConnect,L"POST",crackedUrl.GetPath(),crackedUrl.GetScheme());
if(hRequest==NULL){
printf("Error:OpenRequestfailed!/n");
return-1;
}

//Addrequestheader.
if(!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest,strHeader)){
printf("Error:AddRequestHeadersfailed!/n");
return-1;
}

//Sendpostdata.
if(!SendRequest(hRequest,(constchar*)strPostData,strPostData.GetLength())){
printf("Error:SendRequestfailed!/n");
return-1;
}

//Endrequest
if(!EndRequest(hRequest)){
printf("Error:EndRequestfailed!/n");
return-1;
}

charszBuf[BUF_SIZE+1];
DWORDdwSize=0;
szBuf[0]=0;

//Queryheaderinfo.
#ifdefUSE_WINHTTP
intcontextLengthId=WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
intstatusCodeId=WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
intstatusTextId=WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#else
intcontextLengthId=HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
intstatusCodeId=HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
intstatusTextId=HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#endif
dwSize=BUF_SIZE;
if(QueryInfo(hRequest,contextLengthId,szBuf,&dwSize)){
szBuf[dwSize]=0;
printf("Contentlength:[%s]/n",szBuf);
}

dwSize=BUF_SIZE;
if(QueryInfo(hRequest,statusCodeId,szBuf,&dwSize)){
szBuf[dwSize]=0;
printf("Statuscode:[%s]/n",szBuf);
}

dwSize=BUF_SIZE;
if(QueryInfo(hRequest,statusTextId,szBuf,&dwSize)){
szBuf[dwSize]=0;
printf("Statustext:[%s]/n",szBuf);
}

//readdata.
for(;;){
dwSize=BUF_SIZE;
if(ReadData(hRequest,szBuf,dwSize,&dwSize)==FALSE){
break;
}

if(dwSize<=0){
break;
}

szBuf[dwSize]=0;
printf("%s/n",szBuf);//Outputvalue=value1+value2
}

CloseInternetHandle(hRequest);
CloseInternetHandle(hConnect);
CloseInternetHandle(hSession);

return0;
}


                                            
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