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分布式系统保持调用上下文的一致性

2013-01-01 16:26 375 查看

1.问题

单机应用内,在进程内部,我们可以使用ThreadLocal传递应用上下文的方式. 当前的 Spring Secrucity , Spring TransactionManager, Log4J MDC, Struts2 ActionContext等等应用场景随处可见.

但在是分布式系统下,由于不是在同一个进程内,所以无法使用ThreadLocal. 那么什么是分布式ThreadLocal呢?就是将一个系统中的ThreadLocal信息可以传递至下一个系统,将两者的调用可以关联起来。如对应用有一个调用,我们生成一个请求ID (traceId),在后面所有分布式系统调用中,可以通过这个traceId将所有调用关联起来,这样查找调用日志都将十分方便.

2.实现方式

我们现在使用的通讯协议,一般都包含两部分:Header,Body. 如 Soap Header,Http Header. 通过自定义Header,可以带上我们的自定义信息。 然后在服务器端解析Header,再得到自定义信息。那么就可以完成Distributed ThreadLocal的功能。

如上图,通过两个拦截器,client在调用之前,将DistrbiutedThreadLocal中的信息放在soap header中,在服务端方法调用之前,从soap header中取回 DistrbiutedThreadLocal信息。

3. 实现代码.

以下为CXF webservice的实现代码,一个DistributedThreadLocal及增加了两个拦截器. hessian 也可以自定义Header,完成传递.

DistributedThreadLocal

/**
* 分布式 ThreadLocal, 存放在ThreadLocal中的数据可以传输至另外一台机器上
* @author badqiu
*/
public class DistributedThreadLocal {
public static String DISTRIBUTED_THREAD_LOCAL_KEY_PREFIX = "tl_";

public static ThreadLocal<Map<String, String>> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Map<String, String>>();

public static void putAll(Map<String, String> map) {
getMap().putAll(map);
}

public static void put(String key, String value) {
getMap().put(key, value);
}

public static String get(String key) {
Map<String, String> map = threadLocal.get();
if (map == null)
return null;
return (String) map.get(key);
}

public static Map<String, String> getMap() {
Map<String, String> map = threadLocal.get();
if (map == null) {
map = new HashMap();
threadLocal.set(map);
}
return map;
}

public static void clear() {
threadLocal.set(null);
}

}


DistributedThreadLocalInSOAPHeaderInterceptor

/**
* 输入(In)拦截器,用于从 WebService SOAP 的Header中取回DistributedThreadLocal中的信息,并存放在DistributedThreadLocal中
*
* @author badqiu
*/
public class DistributedThreadLocalInSOAPHeaderInterceptor extends AbstractSoapInterceptor {

private SAAJInInterceptor saajIn = new SAAJInInterceptor();

public DistributedThreadLocalInSOAPHeaderInterceptor() {
super(Phase.PRE_PROTOCOL);
getAfter().add(SAAJInInterceptor.class.getName());
}

public void handleMessage(SoapMessage message) throws Fault {
SOAPMessage doc = message.getContent(SOAPMessage.class);
if (doc == null) {
saajIn.handleMessage(message);
doc = message.getContent(SOAPMessage.class);
}

Map<String,String> headers = toHeadersMap(doc);
DistributedThreadLocal.putAll(headers);

}

private Map toHeadersMap(SOAPMessage doc) {
SOAPHeader header = getSOAPHeader(doc);
if (header == null) {
return new HashMap(0);
}

Map<String,String> headersMap = new HashMap();
NodeList nodes = header.getChildNodes();
for(int i=0; i<nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node item = nodes.item(i);
if(item.hasChildNodes()) {
headersMap.put(item.getLocalName(), item.getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
}
}
return headersMap;
}

private SOAPHeader getSOAPHeader(SOAPMessage doc) {
SOAPHeader header;
try {
header = doc.getSOAPHeader();
} catch (SOAPException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return header;
}

}

DistributedThreadLocalOutSOAPHeaderInterceptor

/**
* 输出(Out)拦截器,用于将DistributedThreadLocal中的信息存放在 WebService SOAP 的Header中
*
* @author badqiu
*/
public class DistributedThreadLocalOutSOAPHeaderInterceptor extends AbstractSoapInterceptor {

public DistributedThreadLocalOutSOAPHeaderInterceptor() {
super(Phase.WRITE);
}

public void handleMessage(SoapMessage message) throws Fault {

List<Header> headers = message.getHeaders();
Map<String,String> threadlocalMap = DistributedThreadLocal.getMap();

for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : threadlocalMap.entrySet()) {
headers.add(getHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}

private Header getHeader(String key, String value) {
QName qName = new QName(key);
Document document = DOMUtils.createDocument();
Element element = document.createElement(key);
element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(value));
SoapHeader header = new SoapHeader(qName, element);
return (header);
}
}

CXF spring配置文件:

server端:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true">

<description>Apache CXF的Web Service配置</description>

<import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" />
<import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml" />
<import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml" />

<!-- jax-ws endpoint定义  -->
<jaxws:endpoint address="/hello" >
<jaxws:implementor ref="hello" />
<jaxws:inInterceptors>
<bean class="cn.org.rapid_framework.distributed.threadlocal.cfx.TraceIdInSOAPHeaderInterceptor"/>
</jaxws:inInterceptors>
</jaxws:endpoint>

<!-- WebService的实现Bean定义 -->
<bean id="hello" class="cn.org.rapid_framework.hessian.HessianTest.HelloImpl" />
</beans>


client端:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true">
<description>Apache CXF Web Service Client端配置</description>

<jaxws:client id="hello" serviceClass="cn.org.rapid_framework.hessian.HessianTest.Hello"
address="http://localhost:8080/service/hello" >
<jaxws:outInterceptors>
<bean class="cn.org.rapid_framework.distributed.threadlocal.cfx.TraceIdOutSOAPHeaderInterceptor"/>
</jaxws:outInterceptors>
</jaxws:client>

</beans>

4. 应用场景.

通过分布式应用上下文,暂时想到的几个应用场景.

1. Log4j MDC traceId传递. 通过一个traceId,将所有相关的 操作所有的日志信息关联起来。

2. sessionId 传递, 让我们的应用也有状态,可以使用session什么的

3. Security(username,password)传递. 在需要安全调用的地方,避免污染接口,需要显式的在接口传递username,password. 相对应的 WSSecurity也可以走这个通道

作者: 唐山李响
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