Redhat下YUM服务器的搭建

这几天有大批量的机器需要打包并配置snmp服务，suse下有yast可以用，Redhat下有YUM可以用，我都实际动手搞了下。本篇是Redhat下的YUM配置文档。

零、本地文件源

1、本地光驱挂载源

有光驱的服务器，挂载光盘到本地。
[root@asmdb yum.repos.d]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

97G 12G 80G 13% /

/dev/sda1 99M 33M 61M 36% /boot

tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/hdc 3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /mnt/cdiso

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi mycdyum.repo
[mycdyum] ##可以随便自己取

name=LocalYumResource ##可以随便自己取

baseurl=file:///mnt/localiso/Server ##rpm包所在目录，一般只写挂载点会报错。

enabled=1 ##启用该配置文件

gpgcheck=0 ##禁用key文件检查

yum clean
yum list
（补充： echo 'multilib_policy=all' >> /etc/yum.conf ）

如果遇到“Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository”， 在repo文件或者/etc/yum.conf增加以下选项
skip_if_unavailable=True

2、本地ISO文件挂载

cd /soft
[root@asmdb soft]# ls

asm database Disk1 rhel-server-5.4-x86_64-dvd.iso rpm
[root@asmdb soft]# mount -o loop /soft/rhel-server-5.4-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/localiso
[root@asmdb soft]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

97G 12G 80G 13% /

/dev/sda1 99M 33M 61M 36% /boot

tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

/soft/rhel-server-5.4-x86_64-dvd.iso

3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /mnt/localiso
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi mycdyum.repo

[rhel-debuginfo]

name=LocalYumResource

##baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdiso/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
yum clean
yum list

3、本地rpm文件

将iso镜像文件先在自己笔记本上解压到文件夹rpms，然后将文件夹上传到服务器/soft目录
cd /soft/
[root@asmdb soft]# ls

asm database Disk1 rpms
[root@asmdb rpms]# ls /soft/rpms

Cluster RELEASE-NOTES-ko.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-kn.html

ClusterStorage RELEASE-NOTES-ml.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ko.html

EULA RELEASE-NOTES-mr.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ml.html

eula.en_US RELEASE-NOTES-or.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-mr.html

GPL RELEASE-NOTES-pa.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-or.html

images RELEASE-NOTES-pt_BR.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-pa.html

isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-ru.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-pt_BR.html

README-en RELEASE-NOTES-si.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ru.html

README-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-ta.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-si.html

RELEASE-NOTES-as.html RELEASE-NOTES-te.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ta.html

RELEASE-NOTES-bn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-as.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-te.html

RELEASE-NOTES-de.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-bn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-zh_CN.html

RELEASE-NOTES-en RELEASE-NOTES-U4-de.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-zh_TW.html

RELEASE-NOTES-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-en RELEASE-NOTES-zh_CN.html

RELEASE-NOTES-es.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh_TW.html

RELEASE-NOTES-fr.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-es.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

RELEASE-NOTES-gu.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-fr.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

RELEASE-NOTES-hi.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-gu.html Server --------这个Server文件夹里装的全部是rpm包

RELEASE-NOTES-it.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-hi.html TRANS.TBL

RELEASE-NOTES-ja.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-it.html VT

RELEASE-NOTES-kn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ja.html

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi mycdyum.repo

[rhel-debuginfo]

name=YumRpms
baseurl=file:///soft/rpms/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

yum clean
yum list

一、搭建NFS Server

10.1.123.60
查看挂载上来的光盘
[root@localhost RHEL_5.4 x86_64 DVD]# df -h
FilesystemSizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
97G9.8G82G11% /
/dev/sda199M13M82M14% /boot
tmpfs
2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc
3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /media/RHEL_5.4 x86_64 DVD
创建rpm包目录，拷贝光盘，将RHEL
5光盘中的Server、VT、Cluster、ClusterStorage四个目录复制到/var/ftp/pub下（如不使用虚拟化及群集后三个目录可不复制）。

mkdir –p/yumrepo/RHEL5.4
# cd /media/RHEL_5.4 x86_64 DVD/
cp
-r /media/RHEL_6.0 x86_64 Disc 1/*.* /yumrepo/RHEL6
[root@localhost RHEL_5.4 x86_64 DVD]# cp -ar * /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/

查询nfs需要的安装包是否已经安装
[root@localhost yumrepo]#rpm -qa |grep nfs
nfs-utils-lib-1.0.8-7.6.el5
nfs-utils-1.0.9-42.el5
[root@localhost yumrepo]#rpm -qa |grep portmap
portmap-4.0-65.2.2.1

配置nfs共享参数文件
[root@localhost yumrepo]# vi /etc/exports
添加如下部分
/yumrepo/RHEL6/*(ro,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

[root@localhost yumrepo]# more /etc/exports
/yumrepo/RHEL6/*(ro,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

重新载入参数文件，不必重启nfs服务的小技巧
[root@localhost yumrepo]# exportfs -rv
exporting *:/yumrepo/RHEL6
查看已经分享出来的目录
[root@localhost yumrepo]# showmount -e
mount clntudp_create: RPC: Program not registered
发现没有起到nfs服务，那么启动吧
[root@localhost yumrepo]#service nfs start
Starting NFS services:[OK]
Starting NFS quotas: [OK]
Starting NFS daemon: [OK]
Starting NFS mountd: [OK]
再次查看共享出的目录
[root@localhost yumrepo]# showmount -e
Export list for localhost.localdomain:
/yumrepo/RHEL6 *

二、搭建YUM Server

10.1.123.60

[root@localhost yumrepo]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-3.2.22-20.el5
yum-security-1.1.16-13.el5
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5
yum-updatesd-0.9-2.el5
yum-rhn-plugin-0.5.4-13.el5

[root@localhost yumrepo]# rpm -qa | grep createrepo

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm
warning: createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing...########################################### [100%]
1:createrepo########################################### [100%]

建立分组文件:
在RHEL 5中每个目录下的repodata目录下都有一个repomd.xml，该文件中就记录了rpm包的依赖关系，还有一个comps-rhel5-*.xml文件，这个文件主要记录分组情况，建立yum仓库时，需要先重建该文件。
Xml文件做个简单展示，不一一列举：
[root@localhost Server]# ls -al /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/repodata/*.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1027081 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root1314 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/repodata/repomd.xml
[root@localhost Server]# ls -al /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Cluster/repodata/*.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 102997 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Cluster/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root1310 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Cluster/repodata/repomd.xml
[root@localhost Server]# ls -al /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/ClusterStorage/repodata/*.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 107900 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/ClusterStorage/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml
-r--r--r-- 1 root root1313 Aug 192009 /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/ClusterStorage/repodata/repomd.xml
这里需要重新建立目录只有Server，其他的因为无集群所以暂时不用不上：

[root@localhost Server]#createrepo -g /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml/yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/

结束之后，会看到如下字样
[root@localhost Server]# createrepo -g /yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml/yumrepo/RHEL5.4/Server/
3040/3040 - gnome-keyring-0.6.0-1.fc6.i386.rpmrpm
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata

三、搭建YUM Client

10.1.123.61

先确认是否已经安装yum包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-3.2.22-20.el5
yum-security-1.1.16-13.el5
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5
yum-updatesd-0.9-2.el5
yum-rhn-plugin-0.5.4-13.el5

将yum客户端定义库文件(/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo)复制备份一份(名称任意，但必须以.repo结尾)修改其bashurl及名称即可。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
rhel-debuginfo.reporhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

配置客户端参数文件：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[Server]
name=Server
#baseurl=file:///mnt/yumrepofile/Server/Packages
baseurl=file:///mnt/yumrepofile/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
~

重新加载客户端yum配置参数：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#yumclean all
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
Cleaning up Everything
测试安装：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#yum install mysql
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Server
| 1.1 kB 00:00
Server/primary| 1.0 MB00:00
Server
3040/3040
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.i386 0:5.0.77-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.0.77-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.52-2.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
===============================================================================================
Installing:
mysqli3865.0.77-3.el5Server4.8 M
mysqlx86_645.0.77-3.el5Server4.8 M
Installing for dependencies:
perl-DBIx86_641.52-2.el5Server605 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================
Install
3 Package(s)
Update
0 Package(s)
Remove
0 Package(s)

Total download size: 10 M
Is this ok [y/N]:N这里是测试，所以不安装，选择N，实际安装中应该选择Y
Exiting on user Command
Complete!