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批量绑定(bulk binds):FOR循环与FORALL的性能比较

2012-12-10 14:17 344 查看

http://www.eygle.com/archives/2005/11/bulk_binds_forall.html

通常在SQL语句中给PL/SQL变量赋值叫做绑定（Binding）,一次绑定一个完整的集合称为批量绑定（Bulk Binding）。

批量绑定（Bulk binds）可以通过减少在PL/SQL和SQL引擎之间的上下文切换(context switches )提高了性能.

批量绑定（Bulk binds）包括：

(i) Input collections, use the FORALL statement，一般用来改善DML（INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE) 操作的性能

(ii) Output collections, use BULK COLLECT clause，一般用来提高查询（SELECT）的性能

FORALL的语法如下：

FORALL index IN lower_bound..upper_bound sql_statement;

下面是一个简单测试，用以说明FORALL与FOR循环的性能差异。

SQL> drop table blktest;

Table dropped.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.13
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE blktest (num NUMBER(20), name varchar2(50));

Table created.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.08
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE bulktest
2  IS
3     TYPE numtab IS TABLE OF NUMBER (20)
4        INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
5
6     TYPE nametab IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2 (50)
7        INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
8
9     pnums    numtab;
10     pnames   nametab;
11     t1       NUMBER;
12     t2       NUMBER;
13     t3       NUMBER;
14  BEGIN
15     FOR j IN 1 .. 1000000
16     LOOP
17        pnums (j)         := j;
18        pnames (j)        := 'Seq No. ' || TO_CHAR (j);
19     END LOOP;
20
21     SELECT DBMS_UTILITY.get_time
22       INTO t1
23       FROM DUAL;
24
25     FOR i IN 1 .. 1000000
26     LOOP
27        INSERT INTO blktest
28             VALUES (pnums (i), pnames (i));
29     END LOOP;
30
31     SELECT DBMS_UTILITY.get_time
32       INTO t2
33       FROM DUAL;
34
35     FORALL i IN 1 .. 1000000
36        INSERT INTO blktest
37             VALUES (pnums (i), pnames (i));
38
39     SELECT DBMS_UTILITY.get_time
40       INTO t3
41       FROM DUAL;
42
43     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('Execution Time (hsecs)');
44     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('---------------------');
45     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('FOR loop: ' || TO_CHAR (t2 - t1));
46     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('FORALL:   ' || TO_CHAR (t3 - t2));
47  END;
48  /

Procedure created.

Elapsed: 00:00:01.46
SQL> exec bulktest;
Execution Time (hsecs)
---------------------
FOR loop: 30361
FORALL:   4792

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:06:32.92

我们可以看到FORALL较FOR循环性能大大提高。

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