GitPython的简单说明

GitPython is a python library used to interact with git repositories. It provides abstractions of git objects for easy access of repository data, and additionally allows you to access the git repository more directly using either a pure python implementation, or the faster, but more resource intensive git command implementation.

安装：

reference http://packages.python.org/GitPython/0.3.1/intro.html
1、 GitDB

2、 async

3、smmap

由于使用easy_install GitPython失败，于是使用 sudo python setup.py install 来安装，本人机器上的版本如下，：

async-0.6.1.tar.gz
smmap-0.8.2.tar.gz
gitdb-0.5.4.tar.gz
GitPython-0.3.1-beta2.tar.gz

命令简介：

####head
>>> from git import *
>>> repo = Repo.init("/home/test/.git")
>>> repo.heads
[<git.Head "refs/heads/rt24-build">]
>>> repo.heads[0]
<git.Head "refs/heads/rt24-build">
>>> repo.head
<git.HEAD "HEAD">
>>> repo.head.reference
<git.Head "refs/heads/rt24-build">

####commit
>>> repo.head.commit
<git.Commit "4500d8151fcdd93087cb599544120ead6f943aa7">
>>> repo.commit('rt24-build')
<git.Commit "4500d8151fcdd93087cb599544120ead6f943aa7">
>>> repo.commit('HEAD~')
<git.Commit "04b49ab467ad96bd9c9c7844495b80d1959e716b">
>>> repo.head.commit.parents
(<git.Commit "04b49ab467ad96bd9c9c7844495b80d1959e716b">,)
>>> repo.head.commit.parents[0]
<git.Commit "04b49ab467ad96bd9c9c7844495b80d1959e716b">
>>> repo.head.commit.parents[0].parents[0]
<git.Commit "aa1b8964c4ec1f994e1b54b1a223db005cb90b16">
>>> repo.commit('HEAD~').parents
(<git.Commit "aa1b8964c4ec1f994e1b54b1a223db005cb90b16">,)

#from http://packages.python.org/GitPython/0.3.1/tutorial.html headcommit = repo.head.commit

headcommit.hexsha
'207c0c4418115df0d30820ab1a9acd2ea4bf4431'

headcommit.parents
(<git.Commit "a91c45eee0b41bf3cdaad3418ca3850664c4a4b4">,)

headcommit.tree
<git.Tree "563413aedbeda425d8d9dcbb744247d0c3e8a0ac">

headcommit.author
<git.Actor "Michael Trier <mtrier@gmail.com>">

headcommit.authored_date        # seconds since epoch
1256291446

headcommit.committer
<git.Actor "Michael Trier <mtrier@gmail.com>">

headcommit.committed_date
1256291446

headcommit.message
'cleaned up a lot of test information. Fixed escaping so it works with
subprocess.'

####tree
>>> tree = repo.head.commit.tree
>>> tree
<git.Tree "94cdc2be1511d765f9bc2fb05c85bda9e729d902">
>>> tree.trees
[<git.Tree "780675fdf24f573f4d11682d804a68422215f345">,
<git.Tree "5844c84155668a2a34c5ce735433e66926904064">,
<git.Tree "b0e3ec09efc8ec093d4d37c3fa833464d29851a2">,
<git.Tree "0fc969b876f0bdbfb8d24dfaa28b5dd604487813">,
<git.Tree "4a801fd4d8874efc7422b65b46ec5446d08269a7">,
<git.Tree "22907f24d136e4a8a3f0d6dea74658b222fa4885">]
>>> tree[0].name
'.gitignore'
>>> tree[0].path
'.gitignore'
>>> tree[0].abspath
'/home/test/.gitignore'

关于tree：是repo的目录结构，git show 94cdc2be1511d765f9bc2fb05c85bda9e729d902 能显示该目录下的所以目录和文件，每一个目录需要一个tree，从tree.trees的输出有6项知道，该目录下有6个目录。可以对这6个目录分别递归显示其下的目录和文件。

直接使用git命令：

GitPython源代码cmd.py文件中 Git::_call_process 函数提供直接使用git命令接口。

>>> print repo.git.show('4500d8151fcd')
commit 4500d8151fcdd93087cb599544120ead6f943aa7 ......
>>> repo.git.log('-1')
'commit 6cba56e7816dd8a7dc591bd097e8e51c5d631679\nAuthor:......'

python setup.py install 来安装python包，如何卸载呢?

只能手动删除安装的文件，可以使用如下命令

python setup.py install --record files.txt 记录安装后文件的路径

cat files.txt | xargs rm -rf  删除这些文件

另外sudo apt-get install python-git也能安装，但是接口会有很大的不一样，例如：

前者安装的

>>> dir(git.Repo)
['DAEMON_EXPORT_FILE', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__',
'__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__slots__', '__str__',
'__subclasshook__', '_bare', '_clone', '_get_alternates', '_get_config_path',
'_set_alternates', '_working_tree_dir', 'active_branch', 'alternates', 'archive', 'bare',
'blame', 'branches', 'clone', 'clone_from', 'commit', 'config_level', 'config_reader',
'config_writer', 'create_head', 'create_remote', 'create_submodule', 'create_tag', 'daemon_export',
'delete_head', 'delete_remote', 'delete_tag', 'description', 'git', 'git_dir', 'head', 'heads',
'index', 'init', 'is_dirty', 'iter_commits', 'iter_submodules', 'iter_trees', 'odb',
're_author_committer_start', 're_hexsha_only', 're_hexsha_shortened', 're_tab_full_line',
're_whitespace', 'references', 'refs', 'remote', 'remotes', 'rev_parse', 'submodule',
'submodule_update', 'submodules', 'tag', 'tags', 'tree', 'untracked_files', 'working_dir',
'working_tree_dir']

apt 安装的是 python-git 0.1.6-1

>>> dir(git.Repo)
['DAEMON_EXPORT_FILE', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__',
'__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__',
'__weakref__', '_get_alternates', '_set_alternates', 'active_branch', 'alternates', 'archive_tar',
'archive_tar_gz', 'blob', 'branches', 'commit', 'commit_count', 'commit_deltas_from', 'commit_diff',
'commits', 'commits_between', 'commits_since', 'create', 'daemon_export', 'description', 'diff',
'fork_bare', 'heads', 'init_bare', 'is_dirty', 'log', 'tags', 'tree']

本文出自 “每日C” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://dailyc.blog.51cto.com/6187762/1064033