有时候修改过SGA，导致 ORACLE 启动不了，这需要手动 修改 MEMORY_TARGET

1.内存减小导致ORACLE启动不了

Last login: Sun Nov 4 15:09:06 2012 from 192.168.5.222

[oracle@h1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Nov 4 15:26:59 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile=/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.103201271612

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup pfile=/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.103201271612 force

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

SQL> exit

Disconnected

#---------解决：扩展内存

#--------pfile位置：$ORACLE_BASE/admin/[$ORACLE_SID]/pfile/init.ora.*

2.扩展内存后，按pfile启动，但sfile修改不了

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Nov 4 16:00:25 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile=/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.103201271612 force

ORACLE instance started.

#----------按ORACLE
PFILE 启动

Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 738200584 bytes

Database Buffers 469762048 bytes

Redo Buffers 9084928 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1258200M scope=both;

alter system set memory_max_target=1258200M scope=both

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1258200M scope=spfile;

alter system set memory_max_target=1258200M scope=spfile

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-32001:
write to SPFILE requested but no SPFILE is in use//spfile文件可能不存在

#-------------/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/----------------存放spfile

3.临时建立SPFILE

[oracle@h1 dbs]$ ls

hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL orapworcl

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down

SQL> startup nomount

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/initorcl.ora'

#------------------------------spfile不存在

#-----------------------------spfile位置：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init[ORACLE_SID].ora

#-----------------------------名字格式为:initORACLE_SID.ora

[oracle@h1 dbhome_2]$ cd /app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/

[oracle@h1 pfile]$ ls

init.ora.103201271612

[oracle@h1 pfile]$echo $ORACLE_SID

orcl

#-------------------查看环境变量$ORACLE_SID

[oracle@h1 pfile]$ cp init.ora.103201271612 /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs

[oracle@h1 pfile]$ cd /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs

[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv init.ora.103201271612 initorcl.ora

#------------------------------更改名字格式为:initORACLE_SID.ora

4.mount数据库

[oracle@h1 dbs]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Nov 4 16:59:09 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 738200584 bytes

Database Buffers 469762048 bytes

Redo Buffers 9084928 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL>

SQL>
show parameter memory_target;

NAME
TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

memory_target big integer 1168M

SQL> show parameter memory_max_target;

NAME
TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

memory_max_target big integer 1168M

SQL>

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1G scope=spfile;

alter system set memory_max_target=1G scope=spfile

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-32001: write to SPFILE requested but no SPFILE is in use

SQL>
show parameter spfile;

NAME
TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string

#------------------重建spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 738200584 bytes

Database Buffers 469762048 bytes

Redo Buffers 9084928 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbh

ome_2/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1G scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set memory_target=1G scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1332M scope=both;

alter system set memory_max_target=1332M scope=both

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02095:
specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1332M scope=spfile;

System altered.

-------------------------------

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1402982400 bytes

Fixed Size 2213296 bytes

Variable Size 922749520 bytes

Database Buffers 469762048 bytes

Redo Buffers 8257536 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter memory_max_target;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

memory_max_target big integer 1344M

SQL> show parameter memory_target;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

memory_target big integer 1G

SQL>

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