如何使用cygwin-x登陆linux主机
2012-10-14 19:03
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http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/install/2008/12/20/1053972.shtml
by using the Cygwin library which provides a UNIX-like API on top of the Win32 API." Cygwin allows the compilation of the X Window System source on Win32; several patches were made to the X Window System source to
make it actually compile and run under Cygwin.
Cygwin has a nice setup program that downloads and installs the necessary Cygwin packages for you.
Open the Cygwin, http://cygwin.com/ page in your web browser
Click the "Install Cygwin Now" link in the upper-right hand corner of the page. This link downloads setup.exe from the primary Cygwin server; save setup.exe to
the directory that you would like to store the downloaded packages in (e.g. c:\download); do not save setup.exe to c:\cygwin, as that is the default directory for the extraction
and installation of the downloaded packages.
Run setup.exe, you will see the welcome screen:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi01welcome.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Choose, Install from Internet, this will still save the package files to your download directory so that you can install Cygwin on any number of machines:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi02installoption.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
The default Install Root is c:\cygwin which should be fine for most installations. Leave Default Text File Type as UNIX. Leave Install
For set to All unless you lack local administrative privileges.
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi03installto.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Local Package Directory should default to the directory that you ran setup.exe from:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi04directory.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Choose your proxy setup, or, just choose Direct Connection if no proxy is needed:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi05proxy.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Select your nearest mirror for downloading:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi06mirror.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen; setup will download a list of available packages as it moves to the next screen.
On the next screen you will select the packages that will be downloaded and installed. A listing of the Cygwin/X packages is given below; a listing of the general Cygwin packages would be beyond the scope of this document.
Cygwin/X packages are located in the X11 category.
xorg-server (required, the Cygwin/X X Server)
xinit (required, scripts for starting the X server: xinit, startx, startwin (and
a shortcut on the Start Menu to run it), startxdmcp.bat )
xorg-docs (optional, man pages)
X-start-menu-icons (optional, adds icons for X Clients to the Start menu)
You may also select any X client programs you want to use, and any fonts you would like to have available.
You may also want to ensure that the inetutils or openssh packages are selected if you wish to use telnet or ssh connections
to run remote X clients.
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi07packages.png)
Click Next to begin the download process, you may want to try another mirror if you see a "Connecting" message on this screen for a long period of time:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi08downloading.png)
After the packages are downloaded, setup will automatically begin to install them:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi09installing.png)
I highly recommend allowing Cygwin Setup to create Desktop and Start Menu icons for you; these icons simply launch a bash shell:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi10createicons.png)
Click Finish to close the setup program.
You have now successfully installed Cygwin/X. Proceed to Chapter 4 for instructions on how to use Cygwin/X.
使用cygwin X server实现Linux远程桌面 (for windows) | |
来源: ChinaUnix博客 日期: 2008.12.20 13:08 (共有条评论) 我要评论 | |
在windows上访问linux有多种方法: 对于习惯使用命令行的人来说,可以使用终端的方式进行访问,也就是通过telnet, ssh等方法远程登录到linux主机,对其进行访问。至于登录软件,既可以使用windows自带的命令行界面,也可以使用专门的终端软件,例如putty, secureCRT等。其中putty是免费软件,而secureCRT并不是。 对于习惯使用图形界面的人来说,更希望以图形界面的方式来访问linux主机。主要有以下几种方法: - 使用vnc技术。网上这方面的文档很多,我也写过一篇: 用VNC实现远程桌面共享(支持Windows, Linux, ...) - windows上提供一个X server,linux主机上X client程序通过XDMCP协议 (X Display Manager Control Protocol)使自己显示在windows上。 今天我主要介绍第二种方法。 有很多软件在windows上实现了X server的功能,例如 Xmanager , Hummingbird Exceed , cygwin X server ,以及 Xming X Server for Windows 。前两个都是商业软件,需要付费使用;cygwin和Xming是免费软件。本文主要介绍如何使用cygwin X实现Linux的远程桌面。关于Xming X server的使用请参见其主页。 先调动一下大家的积极性,看看最终的效果图: [ 背景知识 ] 网络上有很多关于X的背景知识,如果你想对X了解的深入一些,去网上搜索一下吧。 这里是王垠写的“ 理解 Xwindow ”,介绍了X server, X client, 窗口管理器,桌面环境相关的知识。了解X window对理解本文有帮助。 好了,现在我们开始配置。 [ 安装cygwin ] Cygwin项目的目的是在windows主机上提供一个类UNIX的环境,网络也有很多相关的资料。大家可以看一下这一篇:“ Cygwin使用指南 ”,这篇文章在网络上流行比较广,作者未知,上面提供的仅是其中一个链接。 如果你的计算机上还没有cygwin,首先需要安装它。 这个过程很简单,先到cygwin的主页 http://www.cygwin.com/ 去下载setup.exe,然后使用setup.exe进行安装。在安装的过程中需要选择要安装的组件,此时需要把X server组件选上。 在 http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/setup-cygwin-x-installing.html 有一个安装指南,虽然是英文的,不过看抓图就可以了。 选择X server组件时,其实只需要选择xorg-x11-base,选中它之后,其它相关组件会自动被选中。 在安装cygwin时,记得把expect这个软件装上,它位于interpreters类别下面。我会在后面的章节中说明为什么要安装这个组件。 [ 运行cygwin X server] 在运行X server前,先假定一下我们的组网。 我们假设X server运行在一台windows XP计算机上,此机器的IP地址是192.168.190.91。 我们的Linux主机上将运行X client程序,它的IP地址是192.168.190.15。 在你的安装目录中找到c:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin\startxwin.bat (假设你把cygwin安装在c:\cygwin目录),双击它就会启动X server,同时会启动一个终端(这个终端运行在Windows本地),效果如下图: 现在,我们要允许远程的X client对X server进行访问,因此,在刚才启动的终端中输入下面的命令, xhost + 192.168.190.15 接下来,我们要到X client所在的计算机上进行配置,使用telnet或ssh登录Linex主机(192.168.190.15),然后运行下面的命令, export DISPLAY=192.168.190.91:0.0 xterm & gvim & 上面第一条命令设置DISPLAY变量,它表示X客户端将使用192.168.190.91上的0.0来显示自己。192.168.190.91是运行X server的Windows计算机(它的防火墙要打开X server所监听的端口,通常为6000)。 后面两条命令则在Linux主机上(192.168.190.15)启动了两个程序,一个是xterm,另外一个是gvim,我们发现这两个程序启动后,并没有显示在Linux主机上,相反,它们显示在了windows主机上。下图是执行完上述命令的效果图,我使用putty远程登录到Linux主机上,然后执行上述命令: 用这种方法,你可以在Linux主机上运行任何图形程序,并把它显示到windows上。 如果你想把诸如KDE、GNOME这样的桌面环境也显示到windows上,就需要做些调整。 [ 运行桌面环境 ] 在此我以KDE桌面为例。要把KDE桌面环境显示到windows上的X server中,需要更改一下X server的启动批处理。 首先备份一下c:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin\startxwin.bat,然后使用文本编辑器打开此文件,找到下面这行: %RUN% XWin -multiwindow -clipboard -silent-dup-error 去掉"-multiwindow"参数: %RUN% XWin -clipboard -silent-dup-error 我们通常不需要启动一个xterm窗口,因此找到下面这行: %RUN% xterm -e /usr/bin/bash –l 把它注释掉: REM %RUN% xterm -e /usr/bin/bash –l 好了,批处理文件改完了。 回想一下上面的操作,在启动了X server后,我们执行了xhost命令来设置允许哪些计算机连接到X server,现在我们可以在配置文件中设置它。打开一个cygwin窗口,输入下面的命令: echo "192.168.190.15" >> /etc/X0.hosts 上面的命令会在/etc/X0.hosts文件中加入你想允许的X client,你可以在此文件中加入你的X客户端。因为我们使用的DISPLAY是0,所以在文件/etc/X0.hosts中增加;如果使用DISPLAY 1,则需要修改文件/etc/X1.hosts文件。现在启动X server后,192.168.190.15就被自动允许接入了。 现在我们再次双击startxwin.bat批处理,执行后就会出现一个丑陋的空白窗口,这就是所谓的根窗口。之所以是空白的,是因为现在还没有运行任何窗口管理器。别急,我们使用telnet或ssh远程登录Linux主机,执行命令: startkde & 哈哈~~~本文开头所展示的KDE窗口出来了!!!现在你在KDE中运行任何程序,它们都运行在Linux主机上,却把结果显示在Windows主机上。 [ 创建快捷方式 ] 在上面的操作中,启动X server后,需要使用telnet或ssh登录到Linux主机,才能启动自己想要的X client程序,有没有更简单的方法? 现在我们就需要用到expect软件了。这是一个如此有用的软件,以至于我忍不住要在这里插一段广告。 Expect为用户提供一种机制,使用户能够自动执行一些交互式的任务。例如,通常我们在使用telnet的时候,都需要手动输入用户名、密码才能登录。而使用Expect,我们就可以实现全自动的telnet交互,不需用户干预。Expect由 Don Libes 开发,基于TCL内核,它的主页在 http://expect.nist.gov/ 。 广告时间结束,我们继续。 我使用expect编写了如下的TCL/EXPECT脚本,它可以使用ssh自动登录到指定Linux主机,然后启动我们需要的程序。程序如下: #! /bin/expect -f # Change these variable to yours set user {easwy} set host {192.168.190.15} set xserver {192.168.190.91} set password {123456} set program {startkde} set timeout 5 set done 0 spawn ssh "$user@$host" while {!$done} { expect { "*(yes/no)?*" { # If the 1st time run ssh, it will prompt continue or not # answer yes exp_send "yes\n" } "assword*" { # Answer password exp_send "$password\n" } "\$*" { # Exit the loop incr done } "#*" { # Exit the loop incr done } timeout { # Timeout exp_send_user "Login timeout, please check!" } } } # Set DISPLAY environment variable exp_send "export DISPLAY=$xserver:0\n" # Start your program exp_send "nohup $program &\n" expect -regexp {\[[0-9]*\] [0-9]*} exp_send "\n" # Finished把上面的内容保存为一个文件,例如,保存为cygwin的~/login.exp。注意把脚本起始处的5个变量替换成你自己的,只需要替换大括号中间的内容。使用telnet的朋友请自行修改此脚本。 下面我们再改一下c:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin\startxwin.bat文件,在此文件的最后增加: REM Start your X client program %CYGWIN_ROOT%\bin\run -p /bin expect -f ~/login.exp 我们使用expect来执行刚才保存的~/login.exp。 现在,我们右击startxwin.bat文件,选择“发送到桌面快捷方式”。以后,只要你双击此快捷方式,就能立刻在Windows上使用Linux主机上的程序了。 我们再来看一个有趣的例子。 在上图中共开了三个终端,它们分别运行在不同的主机上,却都在Windows主机上进行输入输出。这就是X window的魅力了,如果你愿意,你还可以把其它Windows及Linux主机上的程序显示到这个X server中,正所谓一“桥”飞架南北,天堑变通途。 在本文完成后,经网友jiachunyu介绍,才知道有一个名为XWin |
Cygwin/X User's Guide | ||
---|---|---|
Prev | Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin/X | Next |
Installing Cygwin/X
Cygwin tools are, in the words of the Cygwin development homepage, http://cygwin.com/, "ports of the popular GNU development tools and utilities for Windows 95, 98, and NT. They functionby using the Cygwin library which provides a UNIX-like API on top of the Win32 API." Cygwin allows the compilation of the X Window System source on Win32; several patches were made to the X Window System source to
make it actually compile and run under Cygwin.
Cygwin has a nice setup program that downloads and installs the necessary Cygwin packages for you.
Open the Cygwin, http://cygwin.com/ page in your web browser
Click the "Install Cygwin Now" link in the upper-right hand corner of the page. This link downloads setup.exe from the primary Cygwin server; save setup.exe to
the directory that you would like to store the downloaded packages in (e.g. c:\download); do not save setup.exe to c:\cygwin, as that is the default directory for the extraction
and installation of the downloaded packages.
Run setup.exe, you will see the welcome screen:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi01welcome.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Choose, Install from Internet, this will still save the package files to your download directory so that you can install Cygwin on any number of machines:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi02installoption.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
The default Install Root is c:\cygwin which should be fine for most installations. Leave Default Text File Type as UNIX. Leave Install
For set to All unless you lack local administrative privileges.
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi03installto.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Local Package Directory should default to the directory that you ran setup.exe from:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi04directory.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Choose your proxy setup, or, just choose Direct Connection if no proxy is needed:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi05proxy.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Select your nearest mirror for downloading:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi06mirror.png)
Click Next to proceed to the next screen; setup will download a list of available packages as it moves to the next screen.
On the next screen you will select the packages that will be downloaded and installed. A listing of the Cygwin/X packages is given below; a listing of the general Cygwin packages would be beyond the scope of this document.
Cygwin/X packages are located in the X11 category.
xorg-server (required, the Cygwin/X X Server)
xinit (required, scripts for starting the X server: xinit, startx, startwin (and
a shortcut on the Start Menu to run it), startxdmcp.bat )
xorg-docs (optional, man pages)
X-start-menu-icons (optional, adds icons for X Clients to the Start menu)
You may also select any X client programs you want to use, and any fonts you would like to have available.
You may also want to ensure that the inetutils or openssh packages are selected if you wish to use telnet or ssh connections
to run remote X clients.
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi07packages.png)
Click Next to begin the download process, you may want to try another mirror if you see a "Connecting" message on this screen for a long period of time:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi08downloading.png)
After the packages are downloaded, setup will automatically begin to install them:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi09installing.png)
I highly recommend allowing Cygwin Setup to create Desktop and Start Menu icons for you; these icons simply launch a bash shell:
![](http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/figures/cyi10createicons.png)
Click Finish to close the setup program.
You have now successfully installed Cygwin/X. Proceed to Chapter 4 for instructions on how to use Cygwin/X.
Prev | Home | Next |
Setting Up Cygwin/X | Up | Configuring Cygwin/X |
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