rabbitmq学习8：spring-ampq的重要类认知

RabbitMQ学习笔记;spring-amqp

对于大多数应用来说都做了与spring整合，对于rabbitmq来说。也有与spring的整合。可能通过spring的官网找到spring-amqp项目下载。spring-amqp项目包括三个子项目：spring-amqp、spring-erlang、spring-rabbit.

下面来认识一下spring-amqp中的几个重要类；以spring-amqp-1.0.0.M3版本为例

1、Message: Spring AMQP定义的Message类是AMQP域模型中代表之一。Message类封装了body(消息BODY)和properties（消息属性） 。使得这个API看起来很简单。Message类定义如下：

Java代码


public class Message {

private final MessageProperties messageProperties;

private final byte[] body;

public Message(byte[] body, MessageProperties messageProperties) {
this.body = body;
this.messageProperties = messageProperties;
}

public byte[] getBody() {
return this.body;
}

public MessageProperties getMessageProperties() {
return this.messageProperties;
}

}

其中MessageProperties类中定义了例如messageId、timestamp、contentType等属性。这此属性可以扩展到用户通过setHeader(String key, Object value)方法来自定义“headers”。

2、Exchange

Exchange接口代表一个AMQP的Exchange，决定消息生产者发送消息。每个Exchange都包括一个特定的唯一名字的虚拟主机的代理和一些其他属性。

Java代码


public interface Exchange {

String getName();

String getType();

boolean isDurable();

boolean isAutoDelete();

Map<String, Object> getArguments();

}

其中 AbstractExchange类实现了Exchange类。而DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange四个类继承AbstractExchange。并重写了getType()类。根据各自相对应的Exchange类型。DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange分别对应的类型为direct,topic,fanout,headers.对应Exchange与routingkey的判定关系在前面的章节中已学习了！

3、Queue

Queue类是消息消费者接收消息中重要的一个组成部分。通过与Exchange判定来肯定消费者所接收的消息。伪代码如下：

Java代码


public class Queue {
private final String name;
private volatile boolean durable;
private volatile boolean exclusive;
private volatile boolean autoDelete;
private volatile Map<String, Object> arguments;
public Queue(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// Getters and Setters omitted for brevity

其中name表示队列的名称、durable表示持久性。true表示是。exclusive表示独占性。由于在AmqpTemplate中提供一个方法来得到唯一的队列。这个队列可能是一个”reply-to“地址或者其他信息，因此一般exclusive和autoDelete一般设定为true.

4、Binding

Bingding类通过多种构造参数来判定Exchange,Queue,routingkey;例如

Java代码


Binding(Queue queue, FanoutExchange exchange)

Java代码


Binding(Queue queue, HeadersExchange exchange, Map<String, Object> arguments)

Java代码


Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange)

Java代码


Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange, String routingKey)

Java代码


Binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange, String routingKey)

5、AmqpTemplate

AmqpTemplate是用来发送消息的模板类

Java代码


public interface AmqpTemplate {

// send methods for messages

void send(Message message) throws AmqpException;

void send(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

void send(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

// send methods with conversion

void convertAndSend(Object message) throws AmqpException;

void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

void convertAndSend(Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

// receive methods for messages

Message receive() throws AmqpException;

Message receive(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

// receive methods with conversion

Object receiveAndConvert() throws AmqpException;

Object receiveAndConvert(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

// send and receive methods for messages

Message sendAndReceive(Message message) throws AmqpException;

Message sendAndReceive(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

Message sendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

// send and receive methods with conversion

Object convertSendAndReceive(Object message) throws AmqpException;

Object convertSendAndReceive(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

Object convertSendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

}

6、AmqpAdmin和RabbitAdmin

用户配置Queue、Exchange、Binding的代理类。代理类会自动声明或创建这些配置信息。

下面这个类用于异步接收消息的处理类

7、MessageConverter 消息转换器类

8、SimpleMessageListenerContainer 监听消息容器类