Linux配置python开发环境

由于之前需要用到第3方的扩展，但是centos5自带的python是2.4.3，这个版本很多第3放扩展工具无法支持，虽然后来手工升级到了2.7.2，但是还有有些动态文件无法自动创建链接成功，无奈之下只好选择了centos6，这个版本的自带的python是2.6.6，应该能被大部分的工具支持，在此记录下在rhl6环境下构建一个python开发环境的配置过程。

现在我想安装配置python、pyinstaller、fabric、pexpect、eclipse等工具。

0. 环境配置

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# hostname

gtlionsdev

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# cat /etc/issue

CentOS release 6.3 (Final)

Kernel \r on an \m

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# uname -a

Linux gtlionsdev 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 10:59:55 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# python -V

Python 2.6.6

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# ldd /usr/bin/python

linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00de4000)

libpython2.6.so.1.0 => /usr/lib/libpython2.6.so.1.0 (0x00b84000)

libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00f8e000)

libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00605000)

libutil.so.1 => /lib/libutil.so.1 (0x00110000)

libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x005c6000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00179000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00fab000)

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# file /usr/bin/python

/usr/bin/python: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, stripped

1. 安装配置pyinstaller

首先需要安装下lsb-sdk，解压后直接rpm -Uivh *.rpm即可。

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# cd /opt

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# ls

pyinstaller-2.0.tar.bz2 rh

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# tar -jxf pyinstaller-2.0.tar.bz2;mv pyinstaller-2.0 pyinstaller;cd pyinstaller;cd source/

[root@gtlionsdev source]# python waf configure build install

Linux-32bit detected

Building LSB bootloader.

Checking for program gcc or cc : /usr/bin/gcc

Checking for program cpp : /usr/bin/cpp

Checking for program ar : /usr/bin/ar

Checking for program ranlib : /usr/bin/ranlib

Checking for gcc : ok

Checking for program python : /usr/bin/python

Checking for Python version : 2.6.6

Checking for library python2.6 : yes

Checking for program python2.6-config : /usr/bin/python2.6-config

Checking for custom code : yes

Checking for program lsbcc : not found

Checking for program /opt/lsb/bin/lsbcc : not found

LSB (Linux Standard Base) tools >= 4.0 are required.

Try --no-lsb option if not interested in building LSB binary.

[root@gtlionsdev source]# python waf configure --no-lsb build install --如果没有lsb

Linux-32bit detected

Checking for program gcc or cc : /usr/bin/gcc

Checking for program cpp : /usr/bin/cpp

Checking for program ar : /usr/bin/ar

Checking for program ranlib : /usr/bin/ranlib

Checking for gcc : ok

Checking for program python : /usr/bin/python

Checking for Python version : 2.6.6

Checking for library python2.6 : yes

Checking for program python2.6-config : /usr/bin/python2.6-config

Checking for custom code : yes

Checking for library z : yes

Checking for function readlink : yes

Checking for flags -m32 : yes

Checking for flags -Wl,--as-needed : yes

'configure' finished successfully (1.014s)

Waf: Entering directory `/opt/pyinstaller/source/build'

[ 1/20] cc: common/launch.c -> build/debug/common/launch_1.o

[ 2/20] cc: common/main.c -> build/debug/common/main_1.o

[ 3/20] cc: linux/getpath.c -> build/debug/linux/getpath_1.o

[ 4/20] cc: linux/utils.c -> build/debug/linux/utils_1.o

[ 5/20] cc: common/launch.c -> build/release/common/launch_2.o

[ 6/20] cc: common/main.c -> build/release/common/main_2.o

[ 7/20] cc: linux/getpath.c -> build/release/linux/getpath_2.o

[ 8/20] cc: linux/utils.c -> build/release/linux/utils_2.o

[ 9/20] cc: common/launch.c -> build/releasew/common/launch_3.o

[10/20] cc: common/main.c -> build/releasew/common/main_3.o

[11/20] cc: linux/getpath.c -> build/releasew/linux/getpath_3.o

[12/20] cc: linux/utils.c -> build/releasew/linux/utils_3.o

[13/20] cc: common/launch.c -> build/debugw/common/launch_4.o

[14/20] cc: common/main.c -> build/debugw/common/main_4.o

[15/20] cc: linux/getpath.c -> build/debugw/linux/getpath_4.o

[16/20] cc: linux/utils.c -> build/debugw/linux/utils_4.o

[17/20] cc_link: build/debug/common/launch_1.o build/debug/common/main_1.o build/debug/linux/getpath_1.o build/debug/linux/utils_1.o -> build/debug/run_d

[18/20] cc_link: build/release/common/launch_2.o build/release/common/main_2.o build/release/linux/getpath_2.o build/release/linux/utils_2.o -> build/release/run

[19/20] cc_link: build/releasew/common/launch_3.o build/releasew/common/main_3.o build/releasew/linux/getpath_3.o build/releasew/linux/utils_3.o -> build/releasew/runw

[20/20] cc_link: build/debugw/common/launch_4.o build/debugw/common/main_4.o build/debugw/linux/getpath_4.o build/debugw/linux/utils_4.o -> build/debugw/runw_d

Waf: Leaving directory `/opt/pyinstaller/source/build'

'build' finished successfully (3.672s)

Waf: Entering directory `/opt/pyinstaller/source/build'

* installing build/debug/run_d as ../../support/loader/Linux-32bit/run_d

* installing build/release/run as ../../support/loader/Linux-32bit/run

* installing build/releasew/runw as ../../support/loader/Linux-32bit/runw

* installing build/debugw/runw_d as ../../support/loader/Linux-32bit/runw_d

Waf: Leaving directory `/opt/pyinstaller/source/build'

'install' finished successfully (0.058s)

这样pyinstaller就安装成功了，先写个简单的程序然后测试下打包。

2. 第1支py程序

首先我简单的写了几行程序用来输出一行文字和显示本机磁盘的使用情况信息，并执行。

[root@gtlionsdev source]# mkdir -p /opt/pysrc;cd /opt/pysrc

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# vi test1.py

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# cat test1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Name:

# Filename : NewPython.py

# What:

# Version:

# Release: 2012-9-26

# Author: Gtlions

# Copyright: Copyright (c) Gtlions 2012 <g.t.lions@gmail.com>

# Licence: <Gtlions's licence>

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import os

print 'i will show the host disk info.'

os.system('df -h')

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# python test1.py

i will show the host disk info.

文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/sda2 143G 3.0G 133G 3% /

tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm

3. pyinstaller打包程序

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# ls

pyinstaller pyinstaller-2.0.tar.bz2 pysrc rh

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# mkdir pyexe

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# python /opt/pyinstaller/pyinstaller.py -F --out=/opt/pyexe /opt/pysrc/test1.py

126 INFO: wrote /opt/pyexe/test1.spec

259 INFO: UPX is not available.

2999 INFO: checking Analysis

2999 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent

3000 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc

3066 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/support/_pyi_bootstrap.py

5257 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/archive.py

5363 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/carchive.py

5463 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py

5513 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pysrc/test1.py

5598 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise

5599 INFO: Looking for run-time hooks

5600 INFO: Analyzing rthook /opt/pyinstaller/support/rthooks/pyi_rth_encodings.py

6310 INFO: Warnings written to /opt/pyexe/build/pyi.linux2/test1/warntest1.txt

6318 INFO: checking PYZ

6318 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing

6319 INFO: building PYZ out00-PYZ.toc

8145 INFO: checking PKG

8145 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing

8146 INFO: building PKG out00-PKG.pkg

9906 INFO: checking EXE

9906 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because test1 missing

9906 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc

9925 INFO: Appending archive to EXE /opt/pyexe/dist/test1

测试执行下打包好的程序。

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# /opt/pyexe/dist/test1

i will show the host disk info.

文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/sda2 143G 3.2G 133G 3% /

tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm

可以看到这个程序已经可以运行了，这样就可以随便分发到其他主机运行了，下面是在别的机器运行的过程。

[root@db233 ~]# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)

Kernel \r on an \m

[root@db233 ~]# ./test1

-bash: ./test1: 权限不够

[root@db233 ~]# chmod +x test1

[root@db233 ~]# ./test1

i will show the host disk info.

文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

130G 51G 73G 42% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot

tmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev/shm

4. 安装fabric

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/virtualenv/master/virtualenv.py
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 107k 100 107k 0 0 35020 0 0:00:03 0:00:03 --:--:-- 73944

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# python virtualenv.py fabric

New python executable in fabric/bin/python

Installing setuptools............................done.

Installing pip.....................done.

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# . fabric/bin/activate

(fabric)[root@gtlionsdev opt]# pip install fabric

............................

............................

安装完成记得把环境变量包含/opt/fabric/bin进PATH。

5. 第2支py程序

[root@gtlionsdev ~]# cd /opt/pysrc

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# vi fabfile.py

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# cat fabfile.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Name:

# Filename : NewPython.py

# What:

# Version:

# Release: 2012-9-26

# Author: Gtlions

# Copyright: Copyright (c) Gtlions 2012 <g.t.lions@gmail.com>

# Licence: <Gtlions's licence>

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

from fabric.api import *

env.hosts=['root@192.168.2.3','root@192.168.2.233','rbt@192.168.2.240']

env.passwords={'root@192.168.2.3':'hwttportal3','root@192.168.2.233':'hwttmcp','rbt@192.168.2.240':'rbtdev'}

def hostname():

'''show hostname'''

run('hostname')

def disk():

'''show diskinfo'''

run('df -h')

运行查看下结果。

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# fab hostname disk

[root@192.168.2.3] Executing task 'hostname'

[root@192.168.2.3] run: hostname

[root@192.168.2.3] out: db3

[root@192.168.2.233] Executing task 'hostname'

[root@192.168.2.233] run: hostname

[root@192.168.2.233] out: db233

[rbt@192.168.2.240] Executing task 'hostname'

[rbt@192.168.2.240] run: hostname

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: vm1

[root@192.168.2.3] Executing task 'disk'

[root@192.168.2.3] run: df -h

[root@192.168.2.3] out: 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p8 2.9G 933M 1.8G 34% /

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p9 609G 259G 319G 45% /usr

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p7 2.9G 70M 2.7G 3% /tmp

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p6 4.8G 4.1G 437M 91% /home

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p5 4.8G 180M 4.4G 4% /var/log

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 29G 6.6G 21G 25% /opt

[root@192.168.2.3] out: /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 2.9G 93M 2.6G 4% /boot

[root@192.168.2.3] out: tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm

[root@192.168.2.233] Executing task 'disk'

[root@192.168.2.233] run: df -h

[root@192.168.2.233] out: 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

[root@192.168.2.233] out: /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

[root@192.168.2.233] out: 130G 51G 73G 42% /

[root@192.168.2.233] out: /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot

[root@192.168.2.233] out: tmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev/shm

[rbt@192.168.2.240] Executing task 'disk'

[rbt@192.168.2.240] run: df -h

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: /dev/sda1 6.8G 5.3G 1.2G 82% /

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /dev/shm

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: /dev/mapper/vgmain-lv_1

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: 9.9G 6.4G 3.0G 69% /usr/app

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: 192.168.2.3:/usr/uploadrootdir

[rbt@192.168.2.240] out: 609G 259G 319G 45% /usr/uploadrootdir

Done.

Disconnecting from rbt@192.168.2.240... done.

Disconnecting from 192.168.2.3... done.

Disconnecting from 192.168.2.233... done.

再次打包这个新程序，查看下fab和pyinstaller结合情况如何：

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# python /opt/pyinstaller/pyinstaller.py -F --out=/opt/pyexe /opt/pysrc/fabfile.py

20 INFO: wrote /opt/pyexe/fabfile.spec

72 INFO: UPX is not available.

2177 INFO: checking Analysis

2177 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent

2178 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc

2208 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/support/_pyi_bootstrap.py

4357 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/archive.py

4461 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/carchive.py

4559 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py

4608 INFO: Analyzing /opt/pysrc/fabfile.py

4615 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise

4615 INFO: Looking for run-time hooks

4616 INFO: Analyzing rthook /opt/pyinstaller/support/rthooks/pyi_rth_encodings.py

5196 INFO: Warnings written to /opt/pyexe/build/pyi.linux2/fabfile/warnfabfile.txt

5204 INFO: checking PYZ

5205 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing

5205 INFO: building PYZ out00-PYZ.toc

6229 INFO: checking PKG

6230 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing

6230 INFO: building PKG out00-PKG.pkg

7922 INFO: checking EXE

7923 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because fabfile missing

7923 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc

7924 INFO: Appending archive to EXE /opt/pyexe/dist/fabfile

执行打包好的程序：

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# /opt/pyexe/dist/fabfile hostname disk

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<string>", line 15, in <module>

File "/opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py", line 409, in importHook

raise ImportError("No module named %s" % fqname)

ImportError: No module named fabric

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# ll /opt/pyexe/dist/fabfile

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2350822 9?. 28 19:34 /opt/pyexe/dist/fabfile

[root@gtlionsdev pysrc]# cd /opt/pyexe/dist/

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# ./fabfile

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<string>", line 15, in <module>

File "/opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py", line 409, in importHook

raise ImportError("No module named %s" % fqname)

ImportError: No module named fabric

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# ./fabfile disk

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<string>", line 15, in <module>

File "/opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py", line 409, in importHook

raise ImportError("No module named %s" % fqname)

ImportError: No module named fabric

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# ./fabfile hostname

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<string>", line 15, in <module>

File "/opt/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/loader/iu.py", line 409, in importHook

raise ImportError("No module named %s" % fqname)

ImportError: No module named fabric

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# fab fabfile hostname

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# fab -f fabfile hostname

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# fab -f ./fabfile hostname

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# fab -f ./fabfile -l

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

[root@gtlionsdev dist]# fab -f ./fabfile fabfile

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

矮油，明显各种失败了，去google了好长时间，没发现有解决方案，只好放弃。看来如果需要封装貌似没办法用fab，只好转战pexpect了。

6. 安装配置pexpect

[root@gtlionsdev opt]# tar -zxf pexpect-2.3.tar.gz;cd pexpect-2.3;python setup.py install

running install

running build

running build_py

running install_lib

running install_egg_info

Removing /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pexpect-2.3-py2.6.egg-info

Writing /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pexpect-2.3-py2.6.egg-info

这样就完成安装了。

7. 安装配置expect

[root@dev expect]# ls

expect5.45.tar.gz tcl8511-src.zip

[root@dev expect]# tar -zxf expect5.45.tar.gz;unzip -q tcl8511-src.zip

[root@dev expect]# cd expect5.45;./configure

checking for correct TEA configuration... ok (TEA 3.9)

configure: configuring expect 5.45

checking for Tcl configuration... configure: error: Can't find Tcl configuration definitions

[root@dev expect5.45]# cd ../tcl8.5.11/unix/;./configure;make;make install

安装tcl之后返回继续安装expect，./configure;make;make install

8. 安装配置PyH

[root@dev opt]# wget http://pyh.googlecode.com/files/PyH-0.1.1.tar.gz
--2012-09-30 14:53:54-- http://pyh.googlecode.com/files/PyH-0.1.1.tar.gz
正在解析主机 pyh.googlecode.com... 74.125.128.82

正在连接 pyh.googlecode.com|74.125.128.82|:80... 已连接。

已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK

长度：2086 (2.0K) [application/x-gzip]

正在保存至: “PyH-0.1.1.tar.gz”

100%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] 2,086 --.-K/s in 0.007s

2012-09-30 14:53:55 (295 KB/s) - 已保存 “PyH-0.1.1.tar.gz” [2086/2086])

[root@dev opt]# tar -zxf PyH-0.1.1.tar.gz

[root@dev opt]# cd PyH-0.1.1

[root@dev PyH-0.1.1]# python setup.py install

9. 安装配置eclipse

eclipse安装太简单了，下载下来解压就ok了，主要是配置下pydev就ok了，pydev安装升级源：http://pydev.org/updates。

这样一个开发环境配置的就差不多了。

-The End-